السلام عليكم
أبيكم بطلب ضرووررري تقرير لعمك 213 ,,بشرط يكون فيه المقدمة والخاتمه ,ووالا ماتبيه المعلمه,,
المواضيع يعني تكون عن :
written communication
Oral communication
Telephone communication
Office Mail
Memorandum
E_mail
Report
Business Letter
بسررررررررعه ابيه ضروري ساعدوني لا تردوني بحث انه وااااااايد,,بليييييييز
زهور الممكلة
?
OP يبون له تقرير اول مرة اسمع
حنا بالبدايه قالوا مايبون الحين قالوا يبووووووووووون بلييييييييييييييييييز ساعدوني ,,,
إي احنا بعد قالت الينا المعلمة تبي تقرير قالت حتى لو نطلع معاني الا في الكتاب ونعطيها اياه عادي بس بعد تبي تقرير فيه مقدمة وعرض وخاتمة وماحصلت
الاخت زهور المملكة ..
يمكنك الحصول على مواضيع كاملة في مادة office practice 213 في هذا الموقع:
www.4op.net
إضافة الى اسئلة اختبارات سابقة ..
وشكرا
تحياتي
محمد
يمكنك الحصول على مواضيع كاملة في مادة office practice 213 في هذا الموقع:
www.4op.net
إضافة الى اسئلة اختبارات سابقة ..
وشكرا
تحياتي
محمد
بس ماكو فيه تقرررررررررررير ياربي بموت ساعدوني تعبت وانه ابحث الله يأخذه ياررررررررب
صج ماسخين مايبون بعدها يطلبون المدرسات.....
صج ماسخين مايبون بعدها يطلبون المدرسات.....
الى الاخت العزيزة: هذا الموضوع المطلوب وهو عن report ولكن يوجد ملف مرفق بالوورد يمكنك تحميله فهو ادق بالتفاصيل.
وشكرا..
Introduction:
I have selected the report topic because I have felt that this subject is very important for business life and in our office practice it is very important subject to be studied in details and I will start with the meaning of report.
What is a report?
The following are some definition to report:
• a written document describing the findings of some individual or group; "this accords with the recent study by Hill and Dale"
• a short account of the news; "the report of his speech"; "the story was on the 11 o'clock news"; "the account of his speech that was given on the evening news made the governor furious"
• to give an account or representation of in words; "Discreet Italian police described it in a manner typically continental"
• announce as the result of an investigation, or announce something to the proper authorities; "Dozens of incidents of wife beatings are reported daily in this city"; "The team reported significant advances in their research"
• the act of informing by verbal report; "he heard reports that they were causing trouble"; "by all accounts they were a happy couple"
• a sharp explosive sound (especially the sound of a gun firing); "they heard a violent report followed by silence"
• announce one's presence; "I report to work every day at 9 o'clock"
• report card: a written evaluation of a student's scholarship and deportment; "his father signed his report card"
• make known to the authorities; "One student reported the other to the principal"
• composition: an essay (especially one written as an assignment); "he got an A on his composition"
• be responsible for reporting the details of, as in journalism; "Snow reported on China in the 1950's"; "The cub reporter covered New York City"
BUSINESS REPORT WRITING
• Purpose of Business Reports
• Steps in Writing a Routine Business Report
• Elements of Effective Business Reports
• Use of Graphics in a Business Report
• Purpose of Business Reports
Many people think of business reports as dry, boring documents that take a great deal of time and effort to prepare.
Some people wonder if reports are worth all the effort. So … before we start talking about how to write a business report, let's talk about why.
What is the purpose of business reports? Simply stated, a business report conveys information to assist in decision-making. The report is the means to present this information. Some reports might present the actual solution to solve a business problem; other reports might record historical information that will be useful to assist in future decision making. Either way, information is being "reported" that will useful in making decisions.
In order for the writer to have a clear understanding of why a report is written, a written purpose sentence is essential. This purpose sentence could be written as either a statement or a question. For example:
To determine ways to improve employee morale. (statement)
To design a new procedure for the company’s annual inventory. (statement)
Should new computers be purchased to replaced the older models? (question)
Should the office arrangement be open or modular? (question)
Now that you know why you write business reports, let's go through the steps in how to write one.
• Steps in Writing a Routine Business Report
Your assignment will be to write a memo report to help solve a business-related problem.
Think of a job you currently have (or have had in the past). Is there something you would change? Have you noticed a procedure or on-going situation that could be improved? Perhaps new equipment is needed or the physical layout is inefficient. Perhaps the work flow needs to be revised or company policy needs to be reevaluated. I'm sure there is something you would like to see improved.
Once you have a topic, you're then ready to start thinking in terms of a report. Don't decide on a solution right now. I want you to go through some steps to come to the RIGHT solution.
In creating your report, follow these steps:
1. Determine the Scope of the Report
2. Consider Your Audience
3. Gather Your Information
4. Analyze Your Information
5. Determine the Solution
6. Organize Your Report
1. Determine the scope of the report
A common fault of many reports is making the scope of a report too general or too vague. When you choose a subject for a report, one of the first steps is to narrow the scope to a report length.
The scope of the report is defined by determining the factors which you will study. You need to limit the amount of information you will gather to the most needed and most important factors.
For example, factors to be studied to determine ways to improve employee morale might include:
• Salaries
• Fringe benefits
• Work assignments
• Work hours
• Evaluation procedures
You could study many other factors relative to improving employee morale. Some may be important, and you may want to consider them later. For any one report, however, a reasonable scope must be clearly defined by determining what factors will be included.
2. Consider Your Audience
Always consider your reader or readers. Unlike letters and memos, reports usually have a far wider distribution. Many people may be involved in a decision-making process and have need to read the information in the report.
Your job is to make it easy for the reader. In order to make reading your report easier, think in terms of the reader.
Each audience has unique needs. Some audience consideration include:
• Need (from your report)
• Education level
• Position in the organization
• Knowledge of your topic or area
• Responsibility to act
• Age
• Biases
• Preferences
• Attitudes
Some false assumptions commonly made regarding audiences are:
1. That the person who will first read or edit the report is the audience
2. That the audience is a group of specialists in their field
3. That the audience is familiar with the subject of the report
4. That the audience has time to read the entire report
5. That the audience has a strong interest in the subject of the report
6. That the author will always be available to discuss the report
To avoid making these false assumptions, writers should identify everyone who might read the report; characterize those readers according to their professional training, position in the organization, and personal traits; and determine how and when the reader might use the report. Audiences are basically of three kinds:
Primary People who have to act or make decisions on the basis of the report
Secondary People affected by actions of the primary audiences would take in response to the report
Immediate People responsible for evaluating the report and getting it to
Additional questions to ask regarding your audience are:
1. How much background will the audience need?
2. Do you need to define any terms you are using?
3. What language level will be most appropriate for your readers?
4. How many and what kind of visual aids should you use?
5. What will the audience expect from your report?
6. Does the reader prefer everything given in detail or merely a brief presentation that touches upon the highlights?
3. Gather Your Information
Now that you have a clear understanding of the purpose and scope of your report and who you are writing to, you're now ready to gather your information.
Information you gather can be of two types: Secondary and Primary. Secondary is information gathered and recorded by others. Primary is information you gather and record yourself.
Sources Caution
Secondary Books, internet, reports, newspapers, magazines, pamphlets, and journals Information may be inaccurate, out of date, or biased
Primary Questionnaires, surveys, observation, experiments, historical information, and raw data Information must be gathered carefully to ensure it is accurate and bias free
At this point you should be doing your research. Think WHERE you are going to find your information. If the purpose of your report requires purchase information, you might want to check with vendors and distributors for features and pricing information. For certain types of information you might be checking out the library (books, magazines, journals, or newspapers). Another good source of information is the internet. Conduct a search using key words to find what information that might be useful to you in cyberspace.
As you are gathering your information, create a way to manage your information. Massive information is difficult to sort through if it is not organized. One idea is to place different piece of information on note cards (with the source on that card). By separating pieces of information on cards, the information later can be "rearranged" and sorted when you are determining your plan of presentation.
4. Analyze Your Information
Now that you have information, you need to analyze it.
The purpose of the analysis is to make sense, objectively, out of the information you have gathered. You will not want personal bias of any kind to enter into the analysis.
Information is compared and contrasted in an effort to try to find new ideas or the best ideas. Separate facts and figures need to be interpreted by explaining what they mean--what significance they have.
For example, if you were doing a study to determine which computer to buy for your office, you would collect information on the type of work you are currently doing in your office and the kinds of work you want to do. Then you would gather information on computers. This information might include cost, compatibility, speed of operation, machine capacity, machine dependability, maintenance availability, potential for upgrading, and other factors. Then you would compare and contrast (analyze) the different computers to determine how well they can do what you want done, what their potential is, how dependable they are, and so on. Once all the information is gathered, you are ready to determine solutions.
5. Determine the Solution
Based on your analysis, you will be then be ready to offer a solution (or solutions) to the problem you have been studying.
For example, which computer would be the best buy for the word processing center or what office arrangement would be the best for effective work flow?
A word of caution: The gathered information should be the basis for making this decision. A tendency in business report writing is to "slant" information in the report to lead the reader to the decision the writer want. Make sure you report all pertinent information--good and bad. The credibility of the report (and credibility of you) is at stake.
Make sure, however, that a solution is even requested. Depending on your position in the organization and the particular business study, a solution may NOT be requested in the report. Your purpose would then be to present the objective facts. These facts would be used by someone else to determine the best solution.
6. Organize Your Report
You've got your topic, your information, and your decision. Now you're ready to determine how to present your information.
Before actually writing, organize your information into an outline form. You can formulate an outline for your report by choosing the major and supporting ideas, developing the details, and eliminating the unnecessary ideas you've gathered. This outline becomes the basic "structure" of your report.
A report could be presented as a memo report, a standardized form report, or a formal report. The report you will be assigned in this course will be a memo report intended for an audience within your organization.
Your memo report will have the following five steps:
• Provide identifying information (usually in the TO, FROM, DATE, SUBJECT area)
• Define the project or problem (purpose of the report)
• Give the background
• Give the supporting data
• State your conclusions and recommendations
• Create a "skeleton" outline by jotting down these five steps and filling in the information from your gathered material that would fall into each category.
Based on your outline you are NOW ready to begin the actual writing of your report. Write a rough draft. Don't be overly concerned about proofreading and editing at this point. Just get your thoughts done.
Be systematic if you can--starting at the beginning and work your way through. However, if you can find no logical approach, start anywhere--BUT START. Expert writers often use this technique. They know that they can write the opening paragraph(s) or page(s) at a later time. Remember; don't think about editing when writing the first draft. Editing proves a stumbling block in creativity for many writers. Write first. Then come back and edit. Otherwise, you are working against the creative process.
In writing your report, you might want to use headings for each of these sections of your report. Headings and subheadings are used as organizational tools in writing to identify major parts of a report. Headings serve as guideposts for a reader, dividing the information into segments that make it easy for a reader to understand.
When writing headings is sure they are descriptive, parallel, and unnecessary to transition.
Conclusion:
As a conclusion I would like to say that have gained more knowledge from doing this research on the report. And I would like to thanks everyone provide me with information and helps me in finding the information that I am looking for and I wish that this subject take your full consideration.
Best regards
(زهور المملكة)
وشكرا..
Introduction:
I have selected the report topic because I have felt that this subject is very important for business life and in our office practice it is very important subject to be studied in details and I will start with the meaning of report.
What is a report?
The following are some definition to report:
• a written document describing the findings of some individual or group; "this accords with the recent study by Hill and Dale"
• a short account of the news; "the report of his speech"; "the story was on the 11 o'clock news"; "the account of his speech that was given on the evening news made the governor furious"
• to give an account or representation of in words; "Discreet Italian police described it in a manner typically continental"
• announce as the result of an investigation, or announce something to the proper authorities; "Dozens of incidents of wife beatings are reported daily in this city"; "The team reported significant advances in their research"
• the act of informing by verbal report; "he heard reports that they were causing trouble"; "by all accounts they were a happy couple"
• a sharp explosive sound (especially the sound of a gun firing); "they heard a violent report followed by silence"
• announce one's presence; "I report to work every day at 9 o'clock"
• report card: a written evaluation of a student's scholarship and deportment; "his father signed his report card"
• make known to the authorities; "One student reported the other to the principal"
• composition: an essay (especially one written as an assignment); "he got an A on his composition"
• be responsible for reporting the details of, as in journalism; "Snow reported on China in the 1950's"; "The cub reporter covered New York City"
BUSINESS REPORT WRITING
• Purpose of Business Reports
• Steps in Writing a Routine Business Report
• Elements of Effective Business Reports
• Use of Graphics in a Business Report
• Purpose of Business Reports
Many people think of business reports as dry, boring documents that take a great deal of time and effort to prepare.
Some people wonder if reports are worth all the effort. So … before we start talking about how to write a business report, let's talk about why.
What is the purpose of business reports? Simply stated, a business report conveys information to assist in decision-making. The report is the means to present this information. Some reports might present the actual solution to solve a business problem; other reports might record historical information that will be useful to assist in future decision making. Either way, information is being "reported" that will useful in making decisions.
In order for the writer to have a clear understanding of why a report is written, a written purpose sentence is essential. This purpose sentence could be written as either a statement or a question. For example:
To determine ways to improve employee morale. (statement)
To design a new procedure for the company’s annual inventory. (statement)
Should new computers be purchased to replaced the older models? (question)
Should the office arrangement be open or modular? (question)
Now that you know why you write business reports, let's go through the steps in how to write one.
• Steps in Writing a Routine Business Report
Your assignment will be to write a memo report to help solve a business-related problem.
Think of a job you currently have (or have had in the past). Is there something you would change? Have you noticed a procedure or on-going situation that could be improved? Perhaps new equipment is needed or the physical layout is inefficient. Perhaps the work flow needs to be revised or company policy needs to be reevaluated. I'm sure there is something you would like to see improved.
Once you have a topic, you're then ready to start thinking in terms of a report. Don't decide on a solution right now. I want you to go through some steps to come to the RIGHT solution.
In creating your report, follow these steps:
1. Determine the Scope of the Report
2. Consider Your Audience
3. Gather Your Information
4. Analyze Your Information
5. Determine the Solution
6. Organize Your Report
1. Determine the scope of the report
A common fault of many reports is making the scope of a report too general or too vague. When you choose a subject for a report, one of the first steps is to narrow the scope to a report length.
The scope of the report is defined by determining the factors which you will study. You need to limit the amount of information you will gather to the most needed and most important factors.
For example, factors to be studied to determine ways to improve employee morale might include:
• Salaries
• Fringe benefits
• Work assignments
• Work hours
• Evaluation procedures
You could study many other factors relative to improving employee morale. Some may be important, and you may want to consider them later. For any one report, however, a reasonable scope must be clearly defined by determining what factors will be included.
2. Consider Your Audience
Always consider your reader or readers. Unlike letters and memos, reports usually have a far wider distribution. Many people may be involved in a decision-making process and have need to read the information in the report.
Your job is to make it easy for the reader. In order to make reading your report easier, think in terms of the reader.
Each audience has unique needs. Some audience consideration include:
• Need (from your report)
• Education level
• Position in the organization
• Knowledge of your topic or area
• Responsibility to act
• Age
• Biases
• Preferences
• Attitudes
Some false assumptions commonly made regarding audiences are:
1. That the person who will first read or edit the report is the audience
2. That the audience is a group of specialists in their field
3. That the audience is familiar with the subject of the report
4. That the audience has time to read the entire report
5. That the audience has a strong interest in the subject of the report
6. That the author will always be available to discuss the report
To avoid making these false assumptions, writers should identify everyone who might read the report; characterize those readers according to their professional training, position in the organization, and personal traits; and determine how and when the reader might use the report. Audiences are basically of three kinds:
Primary People who have to act or make decisions on the basis of the report
Secondary People affected by actions of the primary audiences would take in response to the report
Immediate People responsible for evaluating the report and getting it to
Additional questions to ask regarding your audience are:
1. How much background will the audience need?
2. Do you need to define any terms you are using?
3. What language level will be most appropriate for your readers?
4. How many and what kind of visual aids should you use?
5. What will the audience expect from your report?
6. Does the reader prefer everything given in detail or merely a brief presentation that touches upon the highlights?
3. Gather Your Information
Now that you have a clear understanding of the purpose and scope of your report and who you are writing to, you're now ready to gather your information.
Information you gather can be of two types: Secondary and Primary. Secondary is information gathered and recorded by others. Primary is information you gather and record yourself.
Sources Caution
Secondary Books, internet, reports, newspapers, magazines, pamphlets, and journals Information may be inaccurate, out of date, or biased
Primary Questionnaires, surveys, observation, experiments, historical information, and raw data Information must be gathered carefully to ensure it is accurate and bias free
At this point you should be doing your research. Think WHERE you are going to find your information. If the purpose of your report requires purchase information, you might want to check with vendors and distributors for features and pricing information. For certain types of information you might be checking out the library (books, magazines, journals, or newspapers). Another good source of information is the internet. Conduct a search using key words to find what information that might be useful to you in cyberspace.
As you are gathering your information, create a way to manage your information. Massive information is difficult to sort through if it is not organized. One idea is to place different piece of information on note cards (with the source on that card). By separating pieces of information on cards, the information later can be "rearranged" and sorted when you are determining your plan of presentation.
4. Analyze Your Information
Now that you have information, you need to analyze it.
The purpose of the analysis is to make sense, objectively, out of the information you have gathered. You will not want personal bias of any kind to enter into the analysis.
Information is compared and contrasted in an effort to try to find new ideas or the best ideas. Separate facts and figures need to be interpreted by explaining what they mean--what significance they have.
For example, if you were doing a study to determine which computer to buy for your office, you would collect information on the type of work you are currently doing in your office and the kinds of work you want to do. Then you would gather information on computers. This information might include cost, compatibility, speed of operation, machine capacity, machine dependability, maintenance availability, potential for upgrading, and other factors. Then you would compare and contrast (analyze) the different computers to determine how well they can do what you want done, what their potential is, how dependable they are, and so on. Once all the information is gathered, you are ready to determine solutions.
5. Determine the Solution
Based on your analysis, you will be then be ready to offer a solution (or solutions) to the problem you have been studying.
For example, which computer would be the best buy for the word processing center or what office arrangement would be the best for effective work flow?
A word of caution: The gathered information should be the basis for making this decision. A tendency in business report writing is to "slant" information in the report to lead the reader to the decision the writer want. Make sure you report all pertinent information--good and bad. The credibility of the report (and credibility of you) is at stake.
Make sure, however, that a solution is even requested. Depending on your position in the organization and the particular business study, a solution may NOT be requested in the report. Your purpose would then be to present the objective facts. These facts would be used by someone else to determine the best solution.
6. Organize Your Report
You've got your topic, your information, and your decision. Now you're ready to determine how to present your information.
Before actually writing, organize your information into an outline form. You can formulate an outline for your report by choosing the major and supporting ideas, developing the details, and eliminating the unnecessary ideas you've gathered. This outline becomes the basic "structure" of your report.
A report could be presented as a memo report, a standardized form report, or a formal report. The report you will be assigned in this course will be a memo report intended for an audience within your organization.
Your memo report will have the following five steps:
• Provide identifying information (usually in the TO, FROM, DATE, SUBJECT area)
• Define the project or problem (purpose of the report)
• Give the background
• Give the supporting data
• State your conclusions and recommendations
• Create a "skeleton" outline by jotting down these five steps and filling in the information from your gathered material that would fall into each category.
Based on your outline you are NOW ready to begin the actual writing of your report. Write a rough draft. Don't be overly concerned about proofreading and editing at this point. Just get your thoughts done.
Be systematic if you can--starting at the beginning and work your way through. However, if you can find no logical approach, start anywhere--BUT START. Expert writers often use this technique. They know that they can write the opening paragraph(s) or page(s) at a later time. Remember; don't think about editing when writing the first draft. Editing proves a stumbling block in creativity for many writers. Write first. Then come back and edit. Otherwise, you are working against the creative process.
In writing your report, you might want to use headings for each of these sections of your report. Headings and subheadings are used as organizational tools in writing to identify major parts of a report. Headings serve as guideposts for a reader, dividing the information into segments that make it easy for a reader to understand.
When writing headings is sure they are descriptive, parallel, and unnecessary to transition.
Conclusion:
As a conclusion I would like to say that have gained more knowledge from doing this research on the report. And I would like to thanks everyone provide me with information and helps me in finding the information that I am looking for and I wish that this subject take your full consideration.
Best regards
(زهور المملكة)
مشكورة خيو على التقرير
أنقذتيني
الله يعطيج العافية
لاشكر على واجب ..
بس انا واحد ولست وحدة
تحياتي
محمد
بس انا واحد ولست وحدة
تحياتي
محمد
مرفق ملف تقرير آخر وورد بعنوان:
CONVERSATION AS ORAL COMMUNICATION
خالص تحياتي وتمنياتي لكم بالتوفيق والنجاح.
محمد
CONVERSATION AS ORAL COMMUNICATION
خالص تحياتي وتمنياتي لكم بالتوفيق والنجاح.
محمد
مرفق ملف تقرير آخر وورد بعنوان:
business letter
خالص تحياتي وتمنياتي لكم بالتوفيق والنجاح.
محمد
business letter
خالص تحياتي وتمنياتي لكم بالتوفيق والنجاح.
محمد
مشكوور عالمواضيع
بس ترجمت الموضوع الي حاطنه انت بالعربي ما احس انه مهم عدل او يتعلق عدل
و المرفقات ما اجوفهم بس مكتوب انه بتحط مرفق لكن ما فيه شي فيا ريت تطرشه لي عالرسايل بلييييييييييييييز
التسيلم يوم الاربعاء
و اكون لك شاكرة
بس ترجمت الموضوع الي حاطنه انت بالعربي ما احس انه مهم عدل او يتعلق عدل
و المرفقات ما اجوفهم بس مكتوب انه بتحط مرفق لكن ما فيه شي فيا ريت تطرشه لي عالرسايل بلييييييييييييييز
التسيلم يوم الاربعاء
و اكون لك شاكرة
مسامحة أخوي
على العموم مشكور على التقارير
وأنقذتنا
مشكووووووووووووورين
مب عارفه اشلون اشكركم...بس انقذوتني ...كنت بصيح والله,,,
تقريبا صحت,,مشكورين الله يعطيكم اللي في خاطركم...
زهور المملكة
مب عارفه اشلون اشكركم...بس انقذوتني ...كنت بصيح والله,,,
تقريبا صحت,,مشكورين الله يعطيكم اللي في خاطركم...
زهور المملكة
الاخوات الكرام زهور المملكة والشموع المنيرة .. الحمد لله انكم استفدتم من التقارير..
بالنسبة الى الأخت الدمعة1 .. الرجاء التحديد أكثر لكي اتمكن من المساعدة، المرفقات موجودة في آخر الرد ويوجد ايضا عدد مرات التحميل، الرجاء التدقيق في الردود السابقة، أما بالنسبة للموضوع فإنك تقولين انك ترجمتي الموضوع الي حاطنه انا بالعربي وما تحسين انه مهم عدل او يتعلق عدل...
ارجو تحديد الموضوع المطلوب والنقاط المهمة فيه لكي اتمكن كتابة التقرير بالصورة التي تريدينها ..
وشكرا
أخوكم محمد
بالنسبة الى الأخت الدمعة1 .. الرجاء التحديد أكثر لكي اتمكن من المساعدة، المرفقات موجودة في آخر الرد ويوجد ايضا عدد مرات التحميل، الرجاء التدقيق في الردود السابقة، أما بالنسبة للموضوع فإنك تقولين انك ترجمتي الموضوع الي حاطنه انا بالعربي وما تحسين انه مهم عدل او يتعلق عدل...
ارجو تحديد الموضوع المطلوب والنقاط المهمة فيه لكي اتمكن كتابة التقرير بالصورة التي تريدينها ..
وشكرا
أخوكم محمد