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نظراً لكثرة الطلب على تقرير اللغة الانجليزية للكتاب الجديد 201 قمت البحث لكم أخواني وأخواتي الطلبة عن تقرير وقد حصلت على تقريرين تجدونهم بالأسفل

تحياتي
جمرة حزن

هذا تقرير عن إكستريم سبورت نوع Skydiving


INTRODUCTION

Skydiving, activity and sport in which people jump out of an aircraft—alone or in groups—and land by using a parachute. Because of the sensation of leaping into the air and free-falling some distance before opening their parachutes, skydivers usually experience a rush of adrenaline and then a peaceful sense of well-being. This feeling of calm lasts long after they land on the ground.
The modern parachute was invented in the late 18th century. In the early 20th century the military began to make extensive use of parachutes, and over time military-designed equipment and techniques gave way to those designed by sport parachutists. Skydiving eventually became popular as a recreational and competitive activity. Every year hundreds of thousands of people skydive worldwide. In the United States, the United States Parachute Association (USPA) governs the sport.
HISTORY
Individuals in China may have used parachutes as early as the 1100s, and inventors such as Leonardo da Vinci of Italy created plans for parachute-like devices, but skydivers consider French inventor André-Jacques Garnerin to be the first parachutist. He first made a jump using a parachute in 1797, leaping from a balloon over Paris. He made many subsequent jumps in other parts of France and in England.
The first parachute designs for use in airplanes were not developed until after the Wright Brothers made the first aircraft flight in 1903. As aviation became more common, parachute use also increased. Parachutes were first used for military purposes in World War I (1914-1918). Balloon-borne observers, who often drew enemy fire at their lofty positions, used them for a quick escape.
After World War I, aerial showmen called barnstormers ignited the imaginations of future aviators and skydivers. Each year barnstormers traveled across the United States demonstrating airborne performances and parachute jumps. With this increase of parachuting awareness, competitions also began. In 1930 the first accuracy landing competition was held, in the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR).
During World War II (1939-1945) military forces deployed parachute-equipped soldiers called paratroopers. The most famous use of paratroopers occurred on D-Day, the invasion of Normandy (Normandie), France, on June 6, 1944. Allied paratroops landed behind enemy lines before sunrise and silently secured areas to make it easier for other soldiers to come ashore from boats.
After World War II there was a surplus of nylon parachute equipment. This, coupled with the U.S. Army’s formation of military sport parachuting clubs, led to modern recreational skydiving in the United States. Similar conditions prevailed in other countries, and in 1951 Yugoslavia hosted the first parachuting world championships.
Specially developed sport parachute systems began replacing military surplus systems in the mid-1960s as parachutists began calling the sport skydiving and calling themselves skydivers. Sport modifications to military parachutes improved their opening characteristics and made them more maneuverable. In 1964 Domina Jalbert, a French Canadian kite builder, conceived the ram-air design that rapidly became the standard parachute for skydiving.
During the 1970s and 1980s sport skydivers tested improved designs and materials. Special non-sport uses of sport-generated designs were also invented, including military HAHO (high altitude, high opening) designs, which enable soldiers to fly silently over great distances; smoke jumping designs for accurately delivering firefighters into remote forest fires from low altitudes; and a variety of applications for two-person and four-person tandem jumping equipment.
After the late 1980s skydiving continued to grow in popularity around the world. Reliable, lightweight, and easy-to-operate equipment made the sport accessible to a larger population, and jumps by celebrities such as former U.S. president George H. W. Bush raised awareness of the sport.
FUNDAMENTALS
To maximize safety, skydivers carry two parachutes. The main parachute is packed in a deployment bag carried on the skydiver’s back. A separate parachute system called a reserve is also worn on the back in case the main parachute malfunctions.
Before they jump, skydivers make several preparations. The most important is to pack their equipment carefully. They also coordinate their jump plan with the aircraft pilot, discussing weather and wind information and determining the best area for the jumpers to exit the aircraft. Before they board the aircraft, jumpers practice their in-air maneuvers on the ground. Then they determine the jump order and a landing approach pattern to ensure that mid-air collisions do not occur. Everyone climbs aboard in the reverse order of exit and straps themselves to the floor or to specially designed jump seats.
After takeoff the aircraft climbs to between 3,200 and 4,200 m (10,500 and 13,800 ft). The pilot and spotter check the progress of the aircraft and the jumpers during the final approach over the jump site, called a jump run. Once over the correct spot, the jumpers line up at the door. Handholds and steps make it easier for some jumpers to climb out in advance. These preparations enable the jumpers in each group to leave the aircraft as close together as possible and to complete all their planned maneuvers during the one-minute free fall.
When each jumper’s turn comes, he or she takes a step away from the aircraft and begins free-falling. Within 10 to 12 seconds, the jumper reaches terminal velocity, when the air resistance equals the pull of gravity. Average-sized skydivers fall approximately 320 to 450 m (1,050 to 1,480 ft) every five seconds, reaching 190 to 240 km/h (120 to 150 mph). Skydivers also move horizontally at speeds up to 80 km/h (50 mph). During the free fall, skydivers maneuver by changing their body position. They increase or decrease their speed by becoming more or less aerodynamic (streamlining their bodies or stretching out their arms and legs to catch the air).
At approximately 1,200 m (3,900 ft), any group activities cease as the jumpers turn away from each other and form their bodies into a straight, stiff, headfirst posture called a tracking position. They move away from one another, and when they have gained enough separation, they wave their arms, a signal to deploy their parachutes.
Jumpers begin deployment by extracting a small pilot chute folded in a pouch on the parachute system. The pilot chute fills with air, pulls the parachute container open, and then drags the tightly packed main parachute from the jumper’s backpack. As the main parachute opens, it fills with air and takes on a wing shape, becoming a canopy that slows the skydiver’s fall. Full deployment from pilot chute to open, maneuverable canopy takes only two to five seconds.
The parachute canopy travels forward through the air at about 32 km/h (20 mph) and descends at about 20 km/h (12 mph). The skydiver steers it with two primary controls, called toggles, which are gripped above the head with the hands. Each toggle attaches at several points along one side of the wing’s trailing edge. Pulling one toggle slows the parachute on that side and causes the skydiver to turn in that direction. Pulling both toggles causes the parachute to flare, or slow the descent and forward speed of the jumper at the same time.
A typical parachute ride lasts for two to three minutes. Jumpers in a well-disciplined group avoid collisions by spacing themselves out and landing in an orderly sequence. When at the landing site, each jumper faces the wind to reduce forward speed. Just before a jumper lands, he or she flares the parachute, which softens the landing. Experienced skydivers often land on their feet, running forward. On difficult landings, jumpers can roll forward to avoid injury to their arms and legs.
TRAINING AND HAZARDS
Jumpers need to perform two tasks on any skydive to make it a safe jump: open the parachute in time and land in a safe area. Students should always learn from a certified instructor. Beginners may choose from three types of first-time jump courses: tandem, static-line, or harness-hold. In the United States, harness-hold jumps are called accelerated free fall (AFF) jumps.
Tandem jumping allows two people on one parachute system. After minimal ground training, the instructor and student jump together from between 2,500 and 4,200 m (8,200 and 14,000 ft). Free fall lasts 20 to 60 seconds. By jumping in tandem, students learn from their instructors while actually steering the parachute during the jump.
Before they jump solo for the first time in static-line jumps or AFF jumps, student jumpers must attend more intense ground training to learn how to exit the aircraft properly, operate the parachute, stabilize the fall, monitor altitude, and steer and land the parachute. In addition, all solo jumpers must know how to handle the problems that may occur at any point during the jump.
Static-line jumping was adapted to recreational skydiving from military methods and requires several hours of ground school. At the beginning of a jump, the parachute and aircraft are attached to each other via a strong nylon rope called a static line. When the jumper is far enough from the aircraft, the line becomes tight, automatically deploys the parachute, and releases from the jumper. During a static-line jump, skydivers leave the plane at an altitude of 900 m (3,000 ft).
Those students wanting to experience the thrill of free fall attempt an AFF jump. After a day of training, the student exits the airplane from 3,000 to 4,200 m (10,000 to 14,000 ft) with two instructors alongside for assistance. They coach the student with preplanned hand signals. The student and instructors free-fall for 40 to 60 seconds before deploying their parachutes. The instructors descend slightly below the student and land first.
EQUIPMENT
Jumpers can wear almost any type of clothing while skydiving. Most enthusiasts prefer special jumpsuits that improve aerodynamic performance and have handles, or grippers, that fellow jumpers can grasp when performing group maneuvers.
A parachute consists of three basic components: main canopy, reserve canopy, and the harness-container system. Many skydivers use an automatic activation device (AAD) that deploys one of the parachutes at a preset altitude, in case the jumper becomes incapacitated or loses track of altitude.
The parachute canopy is a rectangular, inflatable wing, open in the front to scoop, or ram, air. It is sewn closed in the back, which forces the parachute to remain filled. The ram-air canopy is constructed of a series of airfoil-shaped sections. Sewn together side by side, they form a wing resembling an air mattress. Parachute canopies that have been successfully landed range in size from less than 4.3 sq m (46 sq ft) to more than 46.5 sq m (500 sq ft). The reserve canopy is deployed only if the main canopy does not function properly. The two canopies are stored in a container that attaches to the jumper’s backpack.
The backpack attaches to a harness made of strong, durable, nylon straps. Skydivers wear the harness buckled around the thighs, chest, and shoulders. It attaches to the base of the parachute risers, four straps between the jumper’s shoulders and the suspension line of the canopy. These lines ensure that the skydiver and canopy remain connected during the descent.
Many jumpers wear an altimeter and an audible altitude alert to help them track their descent. When a skydiver reaches the canopy deployment altitude, the alarm goes off and reminds the skydiver to open the parachute. Jumpers wear goggles to protect their eyes during their rapid descent, as well as lightweight head protection and footwear suitable to their landing site. Many jumpers wear light gloves during cold jumping conditions.
COMPETITION
Skydiving’s international governing body, the Federation Aeronautique Internationale (FAI), officially sanctions six competition skydiving disciplines. Free-fall style and accuracy landing are the classic categories. The most popular competitions are formation skydiving and canopy formation events. The newest events are freestyle and skysurfing.
Free-fall style and accuracy events are called classics because they are the oldest forms of competition. Free-falling contestants perform a series of prearranged acrobatic maneuvers before reaching an established parachute-opening altitude. Judges on the ground watch each jumper through binoculars and award points based on the style of each jump. During accuracy events, participants attempt to land on a clearly marked ground target that is 3 cm (1 in) in diameter. Judges measure the distance between the jumper’s landing spot and the center of the target. The jumper with the lowest combined distance after a series of jumps wins the event.
Team events are the most popular form of skydiving competition. In the formation skydiving event, groups of free-falling skydivers form predetermined geometric patterns by holding on to one another. In teams of 2 to 100 individuals, jumpers race to build the greatest number of patterns in the allotted time. In canopy formation skydiving, jumpers build formations after they have opened their parachutes. During both events, teams receive points for style, difficulty of formation, and the number of formations completed during a single jump.
The newest skydiving competitions are individual events called freestyle skydiving and skysurfing. Like free-fall style, freestyle jumpers perform acrobatic maneuvers while in free fall. Freestyle skydivers, however, do not perform prearranged sequences. Instead, they create their own routines. The specific movements of these routines are often more difficult than those of free-fall style jumpers. Skysurfing involves the use of a skyboard (much like a snowboard) to surf through the air. Competitors are judged by the difficulty and style of their maneuvers, which include loops, 360-degree turns, and twists.
Skydiving world championships are held every two years. In years when the world championships are not held, an international competition called the World Cup is held. Traditionally, the United States and France have dominated formation skydiving and canopy formation events. European jumpers have dominated the classic events for the men.

تحياتي
جمرة حزن

وهذا تقرير ثاني هم عن إكستريم سبورت من نوع Skateboarding

INTRODUCTION:
Skateboarding, activity that involves riding on a specially designed four-wheeled wooden board. People ride skateboards on pavement or any other surface that gives a relatively smooth ride. Skateboarding first emerged in the 1950s as an offshoot of the sport of surfing. It was originally known as sidewalk surfing but soon established its own identity.
HISTORY
The earliest skateboards first appeared in the 1940s and 1950s. Many of the early boards were toy scooters whose handlebars had been removed. Other homemade skateboards were steel-wheeled roller skates nailed onto a piece of wood. The first commercially produced skateboards appeared in the early 1960s, when Makaha Skateboards established a successful business. The Makaha company later developed the tail.
By the 1970s, skateboard design had advanced, and the models produced were much safer than those of earlier years. This was because companies were making wheels, trucks, and other parts specially designed for skateboards. For many years skateboard construction varied among manufacturers, as plastic, fiberglass, metal, and wood were tested as deck materials, but by the late 1970s wood had won out as the optimum material. Decks constructed of seven-ply laminated wood tended to be lighter and stronger than those made of other materials.
Curved plywood ramps designed for skateboarding were first used in 1975 in Melbourne Beach, Florida. Florida was the site of several other firsts in the sport, including the first skateboard park: Skatboard City in Port Orange, Florida, which opened in 1976. (The spelling of the word “Skatboard” was an intentional act by the park’s builders.)
Skateboarding remained popular in the 1980s and early 1990s, and the mid-1990s saw a fresh appreciation for the activity, especially as a competitive sport. A solid international competition circuit developed, leading to television broadcasts and a strong international market for the skateboard industry. The attention given to skateboarding in extreme sports competitions, such as the X Games, has also brought new fans to the sport.
EQUIPMENT
A skateboard consists of four wheels attached to two axles called trucks, which are mounted to the bottom of a wooden board called a deck. Most decks are about 79 cm (31 in) long and 20 cm (8 in) wide and are made of seven layers of Canadian maple veneer that have been pressed and glued together. To prevent the deck from splitting along the natural grain lines of the wood, skateboard manufacturers alternate the direction of the wood grain of each layer. Decks made of metal or composite materials are less common. Longer skateboards (longboards) are primarily used for downhill riding and street riding, while shorter skateboards are better for doing tricks and maneuvers.
Decks typically feature a rise at both ends. The one in the front is called the nose, and the one in the back is called the tail. Skateboarders use the leverage from the kicked ends to perform tricks and stunts. To help prevent the rider from slipping off, the deck has abrasive grip tape on top that provides traction.
The trucks are most commonly mounted 33 to 38 cm (13 to 15 in) apart. They consist of a base plate that attaches to the deck with screws and a hanger that houses the axle. The wheels attach to each end of the axle. Most trucks are made of lightweight aluminum and allow a slight movement between the base plate and hanger. This flexibility allows riders to turn the skateboard by shifting their weight.
RIDING A SKATEBOARD
To ride a skateboard, enthusiasts place both feet on the board about shoulder’s width apart, so that one foot is in front of the other and the rider is standing sideways. For the best control, the toes should not hang off the side, although the heels can. A rider can choose which foot to place in front.
To start moving, or to increase speed when the skateboard is already moving, most riders keep the front foot on the board for control, then use the back foot to push off on the ground. A rider turns the skateboard by shifting body weight from toe to heel. The more weight and pressure the rider places on one side, the sharper the board will turn in that direction. If the rider places weight on the tail, the front wheels lift off the ground, resulting in a manual. Placing weight on the nose produces a similar effect, sometimes called a nose manual. Turning during a manual produces a kick turn. This turn can be short and quick or it can be extended into a full rotation, which is called a 360 spin because the rider rotates a full 360°.
Experienced skateboarders can attempt advanced maneuvers. The most popular of these are aerials. Normal aerials are performed by launching off a ramp or other object while hand-grabbing the rail, or side of the skateboard during flight. A more advanced type of aerial (and possibly the most popular trick in the sport) is the ollie. An ollie is any variation of an aerial wherein the skater catches air without hand-grabbing the board. When a rider performs an ollie, the rider and board first become airborne by a quick push down on the skateboard’s tail. While airborne, the rider’s feet and the board remain in close proximity without the use of the rider’s hands. The rider’s front foot then guides the board as it lands back on the ground.
Another popular category of maneuver is the board flip. A successful board flip is one wherein the skater completes a landing back onto the deck of the skateboard after the board turns one or more time under the rider’s feet while both are airborne. There are many variations of this maneuver. A common trick called a grind is also popular. A rider performs a grind by directing one and sometimes both trucks onto an object that has a distinct edge, such as a curb, railing, or pipe. The rider and skateboard move while the metal hanger scrapes along the edge. A rider ends the grind by popping the trucks off the surface and re-engaging the wheels.
Many people enjoy skateboarding because they can constantly invent new tricks, often by combining two or more existing maneuvers or by using structural objects such as rails and walls in new ways. Skate parks, which prohibit cars, bikes, and other traffic, provide a safe area for skateboarders to experiment. Skate parks generally have ramps and half pipes, which are U-shaped structures that appear much like a trough. Many skate parks also house fun boxes, which are obstacles that include ramps, stairs, and rails specially made for skateboarding tricks.
A half pipe is one of the most difficult places to skateboard. While inside a half pipe, riders propel themselves up and down the curves of the trough. Some half pipes have near or true vertical walls where riders can perform more difficult maneuvers, collectively called vert skating, short for vertical skating. To ride vert, skaters propel their boards to the top of either wall, perpendicular to the ground. Skaters perform tricks on each side while riding back and forth. Experienced riders attempt to remain on the vertical portion of the wall for as long as possible before their momentum shifts and gravity pulls them back into the half pipe curve. Half pipe maneuvers include aerials in which skaters rise beyond the top edge of the half pipe and remain airborne for a second or two. Riders also perform a variety of tricks such as hand plants, foot plants, inverts, and flips. The most radical vert maneuver is considered to be the McTwist
COMPETITION
Skateboard competition is divided into several categories, including freestyle, street, and vert events. In these competitions, judges rate skaters’ routines, awarding points for tricks based upon difficulty, variety, continuity, speed, control, and style.
Freestyle contests take place on flat surfaces, usually without obstacles; the skater performs stunts and tricks using only the skateboard. Street competitions involve maneuvers performed on curbs, benches, stairs, handrails, boxes, and ramps. These contests combine jumps, landings, and creative use of the objects. Vert competitions are held in empty swimming pools or on large half pipes. Vert skating is generally regarded as the most radical form of competitive riding in terms of risk. It also has the most spectator appeal.
Another category of competition is slalom racing. Skaters race against the clock through a course set by cones with round bases. Riders must successfully negotiate the path as quickly as possible without falling or knocking down cones. Deviating from the course or missing a turn results in disqualification.

تحياتي
جمرة حزن

وهذا تقرير ثاني هم عن إكستريم سبورت من نوع Skateboarding

INTRODUCTION:
Skateboarding, activity that involves riding on a specially designed four-wheeled wooden board. People ride skateboards on pavement or any other surface that gives a relatively smooth ride. Skateboarding first emerged in the 1950s as an offshoot of the sport of surfing. It was originally known as sidewalk surfing but soon established its own identity.
HISTORY
The earliest skateboards first appeared in the 1940s and 1950s. Many of the early boards were toy scooters whose handlebars had been removed. Other homemade skateboards were steel-wheeled roller skates nailed onto a piece of wood. The first commercially produced skateboards appeared in the early 1960s, when Makaha Skateboards established a successful business. The Makaha company later developed the tail.
By the 1970s, skateboard design had advanced, and the models produced were much safer than those of earlier years. This was because companies were making wheels, trucks, and other parts specially designed for skateboards. For many years skateboard construction varied among manufacturers, as plastic, fiberglass, metal, and wood were tested as deck materials, but by the late 1970s wood had won out as the optimum material. Decks constructed of seven-ply laminated wood tended to be lighter and stronger than those made of other materials.
Curved plywood ramps designed for skateboarding were first used in 1975 in Melbourne Beach, Florida. Florida was the site of several other firsts in the sport, including the first skateboard park: Skatboard City in Port Orange, Florida, which opened in 1976. (The spelling of the word “Skatboard” was an intentional act by the park’s builders.)
Skateboarding remained popular in the 1980s and early 1990s, and the mid-1990s saw a fresh appreciation for the activity, especially as a competitive sport. A solid international competition circuit developed, leading to television broadcasts and a strong international market for the skateboard industry. The attention given to skateboarding in extreme sports competitions, such as the X Games, has also brought new fans to the sport.
EQUIPMENT
A skateboard consists of four wheels attached to two axles called trucks, which are mounted to the bottom of a wooden board called a deck. Most decks are about 79 cm (31 in) long and 20 cm (8 in) wide and are made of seven layers of Canadian maple veneer that have been pressed and glued together. To prevent the deck from splitting along the natural grain lines of the wood, skateboard manufacturers alternate the direction of the wood grain of each layer. Decks made of metal or composite materials are less common. Longer skateboards (longboards) are primarily used for downhill riding and street riding, while shorter skateboards are better for doing tricks and maneuvers.
Decks typically feature a rise at both ends. The one in the front is called the nose, and the one in the back is called the tail. Skateboarders use the leverage from the kicked ends to perform tricks and stunts. To help prevent the rider from slipping off, the deck has abrasive grip tape on top that provides traction.
The trucks are most commonly mounted 33 to 38 cm (13 to 15 in) apart. They consist of a base plate that attaches to the deck with screws and a hanger that houses the axle. The wheels attach to each end of the axle. Most trucks are made of lightweight aluminum and allow a slight movement between the base plate and hanger. This flexibility allows riders to turn the skateboard by shifting their weight.
RIDING A SKATEBOARD
To ride a skateboard, enthusiasts place both feet on the board about shoulder’s width apart, so that one foot is in front of the other and the rider is standing sideways. For the best control, the toes should not hang off the side, although the heels can. A rider can choose which foot to place in front.
To start moving, or to increase speed when the skateboard is already moving, most riders keep the front foot on the board for control, then use the back foot to push off on the ground. A rider turns the skateboard by shifting body weight from toe to heel. The more weight and pressure the rider places on one side, the sharper the board will turn in that direction. If the rider places weight on the tail, the front wheels lift off the ground, resulting in a manual. Placing weight on the nose produces a similar effect, sometimes called a nose manual. Turning during a manual produces a kick turn. This turn can be short and quick or it can be extended into a full rotation, which is called a 360 spin because the rider rotates a full 360°.
Experienced skateboarders can attempt advanced maneuvers. The most popular of these are aerials. Normal aerials are performed by launching off a ramp or other object while hand-grabbing the rail, or side of the skateboard during flight. A more advanced type of aerial (and possibly the most popular trick in the sport) is the ollie. An ollie is any variation of an aerial wherein the skater catches air without hand-grabbing the board. When a rider performs an ollie, the rider and board first become airborne by a quick push down on the skateboard’s tail. While airborne, the rider’s feet and the board remain in close proximity without the use of the rider’s hands. The rider’s front foot then guides the board as it lands back on the ground.
Another popular category of maneuver is the board flip. A successful board flip is one wherein the skater completes a landing back onto the deck of the skateboard after the board turns one or more time under the rider’s feet while both are airborne. There are many variations of this maneuver. A common trick called a grind is also popular. A rider performs a grind by directing one and sometimes both trucks onto an object that has a distinct edge, such as a curb, railing, or pipe. The rider and skateboard move while the metal hanger scrapes along the edge. A rider ends the grind by popping the trucks off the surface and re-engaging the wheels.
Many people enjoy skateboarding because they can constantly invent new tricks, often by combining two or more existing maneuvers or by using structural objects such as rails and walls in new ways. Skate parks, which prohibit cars, bikes, and other traffic, provide a safe area for skateboarders to experiment. Skate parks generally have ramps and half pipes, which are U-shaped structures that appear much like a trough. Many skate parks also house fun boxes, which are obstacles that include ramps, stairs, and rails specially made for skateboarding tricks.
A half pipe is one of the most difficult places to skateboard. While inside a half pipe, riders propel themselves up and down the curves of the trough. Some half pipes have near or true vertical walls where riders can perform more difficult maneuvers, collectively called vert skating, short for vertical skating. To ride vert, skaters propel their boards to the top of either wall, perpendicular to the ground. Skaters perform tricks on each side while riding back and forth. Experienced riders attempt to remain on the vertical portion of the wall for as long as possible before their momentum shifts and gravity pulls them back into the half pipe curve. Half pipe maneuvers include aerials in which skaters rise beyond the top edge of the half pipe and remain airborne for a second or two. Riders also perform a variety of tricks such as hand plants, foot plants, inverts, and flips. The most radical vert maneuver is considered to be the McTwist
COMPETITION
Skateboard competition is divided into several categories, including freestyle, street, and vert events. In these competitions, judges rate skaters’ routines, awarding points for tricks based upon difficulty, variety, continuity, speed, control, and style.
Freestyle contests take place on flat surfaces, usually without obstacles; the skater performs stunts and tricks using only the skateboard. Street competitions involve maneuvers performed on curbs, benches, stairs, handrails, boxes, and ramps. These contests combine jumps, landings, and creative use of the objects. Vert competitions are held in empty swimming pools or on large half pipes. Vert skating is generally regarded as the most radical form of competitive riding in terms of risk. It also has the most spectator appeal.
Another category of competition is slalom racing. Skaters race against the clock through a course set by cones with round bases. Riders must successfully negotiate the path as quickly as possible without falling or knocking down cones. Deviating from the course or missing a turn results in disqualification.

تحياتي
جمرة حزن

مشكوورة خيوو يعطيش العافية

رحم الله والديش خيو

ماقصرتين

مشكور اخوي على الموضوع بس الدلاعة شينة وانا ما احب اتدلع لكنك تقدر تقول قلة حيرة بالانجليزي احد يقدر يكتب لي الخاتمة والله تعبت وحاولت وكل من رحت للمعلمة حصليت تعديل اكثر وقالت بانقج
تكفون واحنا بشهر الله الكريم تساعدوني تبي هذا الاسبوع
تحياتي
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