اخواني اخواتي ارجوا ان تساعدوني فانا في حاجة الى تقرير عن ((البحرين قديما ))
ولكن المشكله انه لازم بالانكليزي وشكرااااااااااااااااااا
اروجوكم بسرعة يعني اليوم او بكره ههههههههه
السلام عليكم ورحمة من الله وبركاته
اخواني اخواتي ارجوا ان تساعدوني فانا في حاجة الى تقرير عن ((البحرين قديما ))
ولكن المشكله انه لازم بالانكليزي وشكرااااااااااااااااااا
اروجوكم بسرعة يعني اليوم او بكره ههههههههه
اخواني اخواتي ارجوا ان تساعدوني فانا في حاجة الى تقرير عن ((البحرين قديما ))
ولكن المشكله انه لازم بالانكليزي وشكرااااااااااااااااااا
اروجوكم بسرعة يعني اليوم او بكره ههههههههه
Background:
Bahrain's small size and central location among Persian Gulf countries require it to play a delicate balancing act in foreign affairs among its larger neighbors. Facing declining oil reserves, Bahrain has turned to petroleum processing and refining and has transformed itself into an international banking center. The new amir, installed in 1999, has pushed economic and political reforms and has worked to improve relations with the Shi'a community. In February 2001, Bahraini voters approved a referendum on the National Action Charter - the centerpiece of the amir's political liberalization program. In February 2002, Amir HAMAD bin Isa Al Khalifa proclaimed himself king. In October 2002, Bahrainis elected members of the lower house of Bahrain's reconstituted bicameral legislature, the National Assembly.
Geography:
Location:
Middle East, archipelago in the Persian Gulf, east of Saudi Arabia
Climate:
Arid; mild, pleasant winters; very hot, humid summers
People:
Population:
677,886
note: includes 235,108 non-nationals (July 2004 est.)
Ethnic groups:
Bahraini 63%, Asian 19%, other Arab 10%, Iranian 8%
Religion:
Shi’a Muslim (65%), Sunni Muslim (20%), other religions and indigenous beliefs (15%)
Languages:
Arabic, English, Farsi, Urdu
History:
Preface:
The islands of Bahrain, positioned in the middle south of the Gulf, have attracted the attention of many invaders in history. Bahrain, meaning "Two Seas" refers to the fact that the islands contain the two sources of water, sweet water springs and salty water in the surrounding seas.
A strategic position between East and West, fertile lands, fresh water, and pearls diving made Bahrain a centre of urban (ie non-nomadic) settlement throughout history. Some 2300 years BC, Bahrain became a centre of one of the ancient empires trading Mesopotamia (now Iraq) and the Indus Valley (now the region near India). This was the civilization of Delmon that was linked to the Sumerian Civilization in the third millennium BC. Bahrain also became part of the Babylon empire about 600 BC. Historical records referred to Bahrain the "Life of Eternity", "Paradise", etc. Bahrain was also called the "Pearl of the Gulf".
The indigenous population is called Baharnah. They are (mainly) descendants of the Arab tribe Abdul-Qais of "Rabe'a". Nowadays Bahrain is a cosmopolitan society with mixed communities. The Financial Times of 31 may 1983 says in its survey on Bahrain page III "Bahrain is a polyglot state, both religiously and racially. Leaving aside the temporary immigrants of the past 10 years, there are at least eight or nine communities on the island".
The present communities may be classified as Al-Khalifa, Arab tribes allied to Al-Khalifa, the Bahranah (Shia Arabs), the Howalla (Sunni Arabs from Persia), Sunni Arabs (from the mainland), Ajam (Persian Shia), Indians who traded with Bahrain and settled before the age of oil (used to be called Banyan), a tiny Jewish community, and a miscellaneous grouping.
History in depth:
Bahrain's history goes back to the roots of human civilisation. The main island is thought to have broken away from the Arabian mainland sometime around 6000 BC and has almost certainly been inhabited since prehistoric times. The archipelago first emerged into world history in the 3rd millennium BC as the seat of the Dilmun trading empire. Dilmun, a Bronze Age culture that lasted some 2000 years, benefited from the islands' strategic position along the trade routes linking Mesopotamia with the Indus Valley. In the midst of a region rapidly becoming arid, Dilmun's lush spring-fed greenery gave it the image of a holy island in the mythology of Sumeria, one of the world's earliest civilisations, which flourished in what is today southern Iraq. Dilmun had a similar cachet with the Babylonians, whose Epic of Gilgamesh mentions the islands as a paradise where heroes enjoy eternal life. Some scholars have suggested that Bahrain may be the site of the biblical Garden of Eden.
It was a long ride, but Dilmun eventually declined and was absorbed by the Assyrian and Babylonian empires. The Greeks arrived around 300 BC, giving the islands the name Tylos. Bahrain remained a Hellenistic culture for some 600 years. After experimenting with Christianity, Zoroastrianism and Manicheism, in the 7th century many of the islands' inhabitants accepted the personal invitation of the prophet Mohammed to convert to Islam.
After a series of Islamic rulers, Bahrain was conquered by the Portuguese in the early 16th century. The Portuguese used the islands as a pearling port and military garrison. In 1602, the Portuguese governor made the fatal mistake of executing the brother of one of the island's wealthiest traders. The trader, Rukn El-Din, proceeded to lead an uprising that soon drove the Europeans from Bahrain. The islands then became part of the Persian empire, but that association was cut short by the arrival of the Al-Khalifa clan, Bahrain's current ruling family.
Major Cities:
Manama (the capital city), Muharraq, Jidhafs
Bahrain's small size and central location among Persian Gulf countries require it to play a delicate balancing act in foreign affairs among its larger neighbors. Facing declining oil reserves, Bahrain has turned to petroleum processing and refining and has transformed itself into an international banking center. The new amir, installed in 1999, has pushed economic and political reforms and has worked to improve relations with the Shi'a community. In February 2001, Bahraini voters approved a referendum on the National Action Charter - the centerpiece of the amir's political liberalization program. In February 2002, Amir HAMAD bin Isa Al Khalifa proclaimed himself king. In October 2002, Bahrainis elected members of the lower house of Bahrain's reconstituted bicameral legislature, the National Assembly.
Geography:
Location:
Middle East, archipelago in the Persian Gulf, east of Saudi Arabia
Climate:
Arid; mild, pleasant winters; very hot, humid summers
People:
Population:
677,886
note: includes 235,108 non-nationals (July 2004 est.)
Ethnic groups:
Bahraini 63%, Asian 19%, other Arab 10%, Iranian 8%
Religion:
Shi’a Muslim (65%), Sunni Muslim (20%), other religions and indigenous beliefs (15%)
Languages:
Arabic, English, Farsi, Urdu
History:
Preface:
The islands of Bahrain, positioned in the middle south of the Gulf, have attracted the attention of many invaders in history. Bahrain, meaning "Two Seas" refers to the fact that the islands contain the two sources of water, sweet water springs and salty water in the surrounding seas.
A strategic position between East and West, fertile lands, fresh water, and pearls diving made Bahrain a centre of urban (ie non-nomadic) settlement throughout history. Some 2300 years BC, Bahrain became a centre of one of the ancient empires trading Mesopotamia (now Iraq) and the Indus Valley (now the region near India). This was the civilization of Delmon that was linked to the Sumerian Civilization in the third millennium BC. Bahrain also became part of the Babylon empire about 600 BC. Historical records referred to Bahrain the "Life of Eternity", "Paradise", etc. Bahrain was also called the "Pearl of the Gulf".
The indigenous population is called Baharnah. They are (mainly) descendants of the Arab tribe Abdul-Qais of "Rabe'a". Nowadays Bahrain is a cosmopolitan society with mixed communities. The Financial Times of 31 may 1983 says in its survey on Bahrain page III "Bahrain is a polyglot state, both religiously and racially. Leaving aside the temporary immigrants of the past 10 years, there are at least eight or nine communities on the island".
The present communities may be classified as Al-Khalifa, Arab tribes allied to Al-Khalifa, the Bahranah (Shia Arabs), the Howalla (Sunni Arabs from Persia), Sunni Arabs (from the mainland), Ajam (Persian Shia), Indians who traded with Bahrain and settled before the age of oil (used to be called Banyan), a tiny Jewish community, and a miscellaneous grouping.
History in depth:
Bahrain's history goes back to the roots of human civilisation. The main island is thought to have broken away from the Arabian mainland sometime around 6000 BC and has almost certainly been inhabited since prehistoric times. The archipelago first emerged into world history in the 3rd millennium BC as the seat of the Dilmun trading empire. Dilmun, a Bronze Age culture that lasted some 2000 years, benefited from the islands' strategic position along the trade routes linking Mesopotamia with the Indus Valley. In the midst of a region rapidly becoming arid, Dilmun's lush spring-fed greenery gave it the image of a holy island in the mythology of Sumeria, one of the world's earliest civilisations, which flourished in what is today southern Iraq. Dilmun had a similar cachet with the Babylonians, whose Epic of Gilgamesh mentions the islands as a paradise where heroes enjoy eternal life. Some scholars have suggested that Bahrain may be the site of the biblical Garden of Eden.
It was a long ride, but Dilmun eventually declined and was absorbed by the Assyrian and Babylonian empires. The Greeks arrived around 300 BC, giving the islands the name Tylos. Bahrain remained a Hellenistic culture for some 600 years. After experimenting with Christianity, Zoroastrianism and Manicheism, in the 7th century many of the islands' inhabitants accepted the personal invitation of the prophet Mohammed to convert to Islam.
After a series of Islamic rulers, Bahrain was conquered by the Portuguese in the early 16th century. The Portuguese used the islands as a pearling port and military garrison. In 1602, the Portuguese governor made the fatal mistake of executing the brother of one of the island's wealthiest traders. The trader, Rukn El-Din, proceeded to lead an uprising that soon drove the Europeans from Bahrain. The islands then became part of the Persian empire, but that association was cut short by the arrival of the Al-Khalifa clan, Bahrain's current ruling family.
Major Cities:
Manama (the capital city), Muharraq, Jidhafs
سلام
الف شكر لج اختي alsayda
وانشالله نخدمج في المرات القادمة
كفيتي وفيتي
وشكرااااااااااااا
الف شكر لج اختي alsayda
وانشالله نخدمج في المرات القادمة
كفيتي وفيتي
وشكرااااااااااااا