ÇáÓáÇã Úáíßã æÑÍãÉ Çááå æÈÑßÇÊå
ÇäÌ 104
Famous Sport
Gellaina was an old Bahraini game. My father used to play it when he was in my age. Gellaina isn’t just an old Bahraini game, it’s a traditional game.
Two friends usually play the game. One in a circle made on the ground, big enough to for him to stand in and the second stands around 50 feet from the circle. The guy in the circle holds a bat and the other holds a short stick. To get the other’s attention, the one holding the short stick shouts “Yaay?”, and if the other is ready he shouts “Yaay!” back. So the guy outside the circle through the little stick to try and get it in side the circle, but the guy inside the circle tries to hit the little stick with the bat while it’s still moving. If the little stick falls in the circle the guy outside the circle wins, but if the guy inside the circle hits it with the bat or the stick falls outside the circle, they count the distance between the stick and the circle using the bat’s length.
That used to be played everyday in Bahraini, kids considered it as a prayer! But that isn’t happening anymore.
Misfortune
A few years ago, I traveled with my family to London. The trip started well. Suddenly things started to go wrong one by one. First, the bank canceled my father’s account. We didn’t have any pocket money. The hotel threw us out, because we were paying the rent week by week and the bank canceled the account on the last day of the week. We couldn’t even send a letter to any of our family member’s for help. My father kept going to the bank everyday because of the cancellation of his account. Out of nowhere, my mother found a few hundred of pounds in on of my father trousers which were for times like this. We were able to buy some food and live in a cheap motel. A week later, the bank reactivated my father’s account and he bought a ticked to Bahrain as soon as that happened. That was an experience that I don’t want to repeat!
My favorite game
There are lots of new games now days. But my favorite game is basketball, I like it because it is exciting and enthusiastic, also I believe that this game give the player confidence and patience. In our days some people takes it as a profession job. They make a lot of money just from it and they will be very famous and popular to other people and fans who like this bore less sport.
I was playing this game since I was a child, now I play it in Bahrain Club with a team called “The Freedom Team”. Last year our coach took the team on camping in France. We learned a lot of things there and we challenged high standard teams. Our team won the cup and I won the golden medal for the best player.
Professional Sport
Taking sports as a profession has many advantages and disadvantages. The main advantages are health, wealth, and fame, while the main disadvantage is the sacrifices.
If you accept sports as a profession then you will have a good health condition, which is something you can never buy. Gaining a well amount of money and becoming rich is another thing. You will be able to buy things you never could buy before such as cars and houses. Fame is something that comes naturally with wealth. The richer you are the more you become famous.
However, there is a problem which is the sacrifices you have to do. Training all the time is one of the sacrifices. Having to give up most of your personal time to be in a four, or more, walled room is a big sacrifice.
But if you don’t take sports as a profession the disadvantages would be the advantages!
Winning Money
Two years ago I won 25 Million Bahraini Dinnars. I became very happy. I stayed up for three nights thinking about what I would do with my money. The first thing I did was giving my parents 3.5 million and my brothers one million. Then I bought two cars and hired a driver. Of course one was a sports car and very fancy and the other was fancy but luxurious. Then I added lots of accessories to both. After that, I rebuilt my house and some of my friend’s houses. I rebuilt my school, too. I bought lost of facilities for my school. I bought new computers for the computer laboratory. I traveled to many places such as France, Britain, America, Japan and Germany. Afterwards, I started thinking about the future, and the best way to increase to my money, so started a business to increase my money. And now I am able to buy and do more things.
Famous Sport
Scelelengo is an old Bahraini game. I used to play it a lot with the neighbors. My father used to play it when he was young too.
Only two teams play it. The first team must defend three or four cans, filled with sand, that are standing on top of each other, while the second team must try to hit the cans and make them fall using a small ball. If the cans fall then one of the first team members refills the cans while the others try to hit the second team members with the ball.
Usually, that’s how I used to play the game in my old neighborhood, but now things are different. I am not even sure if anyone plays that game anymore.
Misfortune
Last week I had the worst luck ever. I went on a picnic with my friends and everything just went wrong. In the beginning everything was smooth and nice; the Sun was shining and the sky was blue, cool wind blowing. A day couldn’t be better which made us go on a picnic.
So we decided to go to the forest. When we reached the right spot and started putting everything out, that’s when a smooth day started converting into a living Hell! First, the Sun disappeared and the sky turned grey and black then it began to rain for a few minutes then the rain became hail! The wind blew away our food and stuff. When we tried to use the car and go home, we discovered that we lost the keys! We couldn’t use our mobile phones because of all the rain and hail. So we searched for a shelter until the situation changed which took a few ÓÇÚÉ. In the end, everything went back to normal and I called my brother and he came to take us back home. My friend called one of his parents to bring the spare keys but still the car wouldn’t start, so he went home with his parents. That was the worst luck I ever had in my life.
Professional Sport
Athletics is a matter, which can frequently prove difficult to write about due to its complexity and wide subject area. To analyze the topic in simple terms we can identify the main advantages and disadvantages of being a successful athlete.
The key advantage of being an athlete is gaining perfect health condition. Becoming a successful athlete can also bring a certain amount of admiration with it, from people the world over. Having the spotlight of the media aimed at you and your career, which can be a benefit to some, most often generates this acknowledgment. Furthermore, this fame and popularity can often deliver the athlete wealth, an obvious advantage.
Despite these benefits, there are also a number of disadvantages, which can be associated with becoming a successful athlete. Sacrifices must be made in order for an athlete to reach the top, and then maintain that position. A large majority of the personal life must be given up for training purposes. This training is often repetitive but is essential if the athlete wants to succeed.
Therefore to be a player, simply possessing the knowledge of how to play is not enough. Knowing, and being willing to accept the advantages and disadvantages which come with the task is all required in order to excel.
The year 2020
By the year 2020, I will have had finished school and college for quite a while. I will be working as a pilot for fourteen years. I should have visited lots of countries and cities like London, New York City, Detroit, Florida and Bombay. I will have had many souvenirs if I worked as a pilot. I will have had a luxurious car before that time and might be having a sports car as well. I will have been married for ten years and will probably have had two children by then. It will be hard having more children because I will be flying most of the time. My wife might have visited many countries because she might get free tickets. I will have been living with my wife and children in a villa underground for years.
Winning Money
My friend won a large sum of money, if I was in his place I would do lots and lots of stuff. First, I will give most of it to my parents. I would rebuild my house. I would repaint my room and redecorate it. I might build an underground room for me. Then, I would rebuild my school and buy new facilities for my school. I will lend a few of my friends some money or I might even give it to them. I would buy two cars, a sports car and a luxury car. I would buy lots of clothes and suites. I would donate some money for Palestine and the poor. I build a mosque or two for the people for judgment day. I might buy an Island and live on it. I will save some money to get married in the future. I might buy a land for the future too. I might try to start a business to make more of what I have and hopefully I will.
ÇáENG 102
Dinosaurs
Scientists think the first dinosaurs lived about 230 million years ago in the Triassic Period. Most dinosaurs became extinct at the end of the Cretaceous Period (about 65 million years ago), so that dinosaurs were around for nearly 165 million years!
The largest dinosaurs were over 100 feet (30 m) long and up to 50 feet (15 m) tall (like Argentinosaurus, Seismosaurus, Ultrasauros, Brachiosaurus, and Supersaurus). The smallest dinosaurs, like Compsognathus, were about the size of a chicken. Most dinosaurs were in-between. It is very difficult to figure out how the dinosaurs sounded, how they behaved, how they mated, what color they were, or even how to tell whether a fossil was male or female.A dinosaur can be named for the place where it was first found or because it has a unique body part – say a crest on its head or a very long neck. The meat eaters (carnivores) ate other dinosaurs, turtles, lizards, eggs or small mammals. Most dinosaurs, though, were plant-eaters (herbivores) and ate pine needles, ferns, mosses, rushes and other plants. A few may have been omnivorous, that is they ate whatever they could find – meat and plants. Dinosaurs probably didn't talk to each other the way humans do, but there were ways – sounds, movement, skin colors and even the shapes of their heads or crests – that dinosaurs could send messages like modern-day animals. Some adult dinosaurs lived pretty much on their own. Others lived their whole lives in herds. Many of the large plant-eating dinosaurs stayed together for protection or nested in groups to guard the eggs and feed the hatchlings. The dinosaurs went extinct about 65 million years ago, at the end of the Cretaceous period, which was a time of high volcanic and tectonic activity. There are a lot of theories why the extinction occurred. The most widely accepted theory is that an asteroid impact caused major climactic changes to which the dinosaurs couldn't adapt.
We must do something to save the wildlife; because it’s in dander. And we mean that the wildlife is animals and plants that live in natural conditions. People always kill the animals and destroys the area that have plants, and it’s the reason of what is the wildlife in danger. ÓáÇã Úáíßã æÑÍãÉ Çááå æÈÑßÇÊå
Dinosaurs
Scientists think the first dinosaurs lived about 230 million years ago in the Triassic Period. Most dinosaurs became extinct at the end of the Cretaceous Period (about 65 million years ago), so that dinosaurs were around for nearly 165 million years!
The largest dinosaurs were over 100 feet (30 m) long and up to 50 feet (15 m) tall (like Argentinosaurus, Seismosaurus, Ultrasauros, Brachiosaurus, and Supersaurus). The smallest dinosaurs, like Compsognathus, were about the size of a chicken. Most dinosaurs were in-between. It is very difficult to figure out how the dinosaurs sounded, how they behaved, how they mated, what color they were, or even how to tell whether a fossil was male or female.A dinosaur can be named for the place where it was first found or because it has a unique body part – say a crest on its head or a very long neck. The meat eaters (carnivores) ate other dinosaurs, turtles, lizards, eggs or small mammals. Most dinosaurs, though, were plant-eaters (herbivores) and ate pine needles, ferns, mosses, rushes and other plants. A few may have been omnivorous, that is they ate whatever they could find – meat and plants. Dinosaurs probably didn't talk to each other the way humans do, but there were ways – sounds, movement, skin colors and even the shapes of their heads or crests – that dinosaurs could send messages like modern-day animals. Some adult dinosaurs lived pretty much on their own. Others lived their whole lives in herds. Many of the large plant-eating dinosaurs stayed together for protection or nested in groups to guard the eggs and feed the hatchlings. The dinosaurs went extinct about 65 million years ago, at the end of the Cretaceous period, which was a time of high volcanic and tectonic activity. There are a lot of theories why the extinction occurred. The most widely accepted theory is that an asteroid impact caused major climactic changes to which the dinosaurs couldn't adapt.
We must do something to save the wildlife; because it’s in dander. And we mean that the wildlife is animals and plants that live in natural conditions. People always kill the animals and destroys the area that have plants, and it’s the reason of what is the wildlife in danger. ÓáÇã Úáíßã æÑÍãÉ Çááå æÈÑßÇÊå
ÇáÓáÇã Úáíßã æÑÍãÉ Çááå æÈÑßÇÊå
ÇäÌ 105
Marriage is asacred engagement between aman and awoman . By marriage aperson can build up his own family.
Some people get married at an early age and that has its advantages and disadvantges. First early marriage can make responsible man and women who can face problems bravely. More over early marriage protects some people from falling into sins like having bad relationships. In addition smaller gap between the parents and their children is enough to make them closer.
On other hand getting married at an early age creates many problems especially at the begining of their life which could lead to divorce. What is more having children is big for young mothers who cant take care of their babies. Them there is the education problems because early marriage kills you ambition and prevents you from reaching your dreams.
I think getting married at an early average age is the best way to have abetter life without problems.
ÇäÌ 105
Marriage is asacred engagement between aman and awoman . By marriage aperson can build up his own family.
Some people get married at an early age and that has its advantages and disadvantges. First early marriage can make responsible man and women who can face problems bravely. More over early marriage protects some people from falling into sins like having bad relationships. In addition smaller gap between the parents and their children is enough to make them closer.
On other hand getting married at an early age creates many problems especially at the begining of their life which could lead to divorce. What is more having children is big for young mothers who cant take care of their babies. Them there is the education problems because early marriage kills you ambition and prevents you from reaching your dreams.
I think getting married at an early average age is the best way to have abetter life without problems.
ÇáÓáÇã Úáíßã æÑÍãÉ Çááå æÈÑßÇÊå
Eng 105
1) For and against
Basic tips:
1) Try to write 4 paragraphs. An introduction, advantages, disadvantages, and a conclusion.
2) Try to point out an equal number of advantages and disadvantages.
3) Link sentences with linking words (In the first place, …. - To begin with, … - In addition, ….. - What is more, … - Furthermore, … – Then, there is …. – Finally, …. – Last but not least, …)
4) Use indentation (Leave a space in the beginning of each paragraph)
5) You can use contrasting expressions to compare one point to another like:
Although / In spite of the fact that / While “It is expensive” , “it is very low in quality”
Or
“It is very expensive”. However / Nevertheless / On the other hand / In spite of this, “it is very low in quality”
Examples:
A. Keeping animals in zoos
Keeping animals in zoos has many advantages and disadvantages.
One of the most obvious advantages of keeping animals in zoos is that animals are looked after when they are sick. This can give them the best of care and also protect them from diseases. In addition to that, it’s a place where people can see and learn about animals. Finally, it can be a good place for scientists to study animals and their needs, so that they can protect them becoming extinct.
On the other hand, keeping animals in zoos has a lot of disadvantages. First of all, they are prevented from their freedom, which can cause them to be unhappy and uncomfortable. Furthermore, animals are usually forced to do silly tricks to entertain visitors of the zoo, and that might cause them discomfort. Last but not least, keeping animals in zoos can disturb the natural balance of wildlife.
In conclusion, keeping animals in zoos can be the best way to study them and save them from becoming extinct by breeding programs. However, it would be better to keep them in wild protected areas, and study them there.
B. Owning a television
Many people like watching television and spend hours sitting watching that small screen. However this has both advantages and disadvantages.
One of the obvious advantages of having a television is that it offers cheap and convenient entertainment which nearly everyone can afford. This is especially important for people who are alone all day or for large families who can’t afford to go out to cinemas. What is more, television can have a serious educational side and there are plenty of good current affairs programmes which are very informative.
On the other hand, having a television can have certain disadvantages. While it is good to have such cheap and convenient entertainment in your own living room, it may also mean the end of reading and conversation for large parts of the evening. Furthermore, although there are many good programmes on television, there is often too much blood and violence on screen. This can be especially harmful for children.
All in all, I think that having a television is important and watching it is useful if one knows how, when and what to watch.
C. Studying abroad
When you want to be different in your family you should do something different also. So when you also want to be the best one of them you should look after your study.
One of the most important things that you must take care of is your future. So you should try to build a good one by studying in good places. I hope that my brothers and I study in the best places. People always think that studying abroad is a good way to start our lives. However, it has some advantages and disadvantages.
Let’s look at the dark side first. When you are in a different country you might be affected by the culture there. Also, you will find yourself in a place that you can’t get along with at first. This means that you will have to hold a lot of responsibilities. Furthermore, you will be far away from your family and you will feel lonely.
However, studying abroad has a lot of advantages. In the first place, schools in other countries teach students in a better way than ours’ do. In addition to that, they give students a higher certificate. Last but not least, studying abroad gives the student time to learn different things like housekeeping for example.
Finally, we can say that studying abroad is a good way to improve our language and education. But in the same time it can affect our tradition and culture.
D. Traveling abroad (Ahmed Al-Khaja)
Many people travel abroad for several reasons. Some prefer not to do so. Personally, I believe traveling abroad has both advantages and disadvantages.
One of the most obvious advantages of traveling abroad is that it introduces new cultures and gets you to know the customs and traditions of other nations. Furthermore, traveling abroad is a great mean of leisure and entertainment. Finally, by traveling abroad you can receive education by entering courses in high reputable universities and institutes.
On the other hand, traveling abroad can have many disadvantages. First of all, it can cause you to get affected by other cultures and forget your own. What is more, you can face very risky situations while being abroad. Being foreign to the country, you might find it difficult to escape these situations. Last but not least, many people have a tendency to spend too much money when being abroad. When they return home, they might face financial problems because of this behaviour.
In conclusion, traveling abroad might be of benefit to the traveler, but it also might cause him misery. I think the kind of person the traveler is determines whether traveling abroad is good or bad for him.
E. Owning a mobile phone
One of the most important developments in the field of telecommunication is the mobile phone. I believe the mobile phone has both advantages and disadvantages.
We are now in the 21st century, and it is necessary to contact with other sides of the world. The mobile phone makes this easy. All my family and I have got a mobile phone. Furthermore, the mobile phone can help one get out of risky situations. Finally, the mobile is small and easy to carry.
On the other hand, owning a mobile phone can cost a lot of money. In addition to that, it can also cause one’s body harm if he uses it too much. Last but not least, mobiles can be annoying if the network isn’t very strong.
Owning a mobile phone in this age has become very essential. However one should control himself and only use it for important calls.
F. Owning a car
Every family has one or two cars or two nowadays. But, owning a car has both advantages and disadvantages.
One of the most obvious advantages of owning a car is that a car allows people to move around freely. Furthermore, there is no need to wait for a bus or a taxi, so it saves time. Moreover, owning a car is a comfortable way to travel. Especially in the winter. It can protect you from standing under the rain or in the cold. Last but not least, a car makes your life safer. You will not need to walk down a dark street to wait for a bus or take a taxi.
On the other hand, owning a car has a lot of disadvantages. First of all, owning a car can be very expensive. As well, the fuel costs a lot and a car is expensive to maintain. Although it allows people to more around freely, it is very exhausting to drive in rush hour traffics. Moreover, it causes death to many people every day. Finally, if you leave your car in the street it might get stolen.
Although owning a car has some disadvantages, it has more important advantages. Therefore, I think it is very important nowadays to own a car.
G. Living in a big family (Ali Shubbar)
It is known that people in the past used to have big families. They took it as an advantage. However, nowadays, people think it has some disadvantages.
One of the most obvious advantages of having a big family is that you can never be alone (isolated) or feel bored. Therefore, you will always fell safe and secure. Furthermore, brothers and sisters can help each other in education. They can exchange some of their experiences. Moreover, they support each other when they face a problem. What’s more, if the children grew up and worked, they may help their parents financially. More than that, children can wear each other’s clothes or play with each other’s toys.
On the other hand, having a big family has its disadvantages. In the first place, it may be difficult for the parents to control them and provide them with sufficient food, clothing and education expenses. Moreover, they won’t be able to go out a lot, because it will cost too much. For instance, if you decided to go to the cinema, it will cost at least BD 2 for each one. Added to that, having a big family means a lot of fighting. Everyone wants to watch a different program and eat a different meal …etc. That means their needs will increase.
Finally, is having a big family good or bad? In my case, living in a normal family is the perfect thing for me.
H. Living in a city or in a country? (From Noor Altawheed)
A lot of people want to live in a city, so some of them moved from the country to the city looking for better chances. But still there are some people who prefer to live in a country. So is it better to live in a city or in a country?
First, let’s talk about living in a city. It’s preferred as a place to live in because it shows you a variety of people, races and cultures. Also, it’s more exiting with its movies, theatres and restaurants. Then, there are lots of interesting shops, which make your shopping great and comfortable. Finally, the most important advantage is that it gives you more job opportunities.
On the other hand, some people don’t prefer to live in the city because it has a lot of drawbacks. One of them is the traffic jams and parking problems. Also, the polluted air, which affects our health. In addition, living there is so expensive. Furthermore, the shops are always crowded, so that makes us worried. The most important thing is that living there can be more dangerous because there are so many crimes.
Now, we’ll take about living in a country. Life in the country is very peaceful and quite. The people are so friendly and kind. Then, there is the fresh air, which comforts us. You live there with out pollution, noise, stress or crimes.
From anther way, living in the country can has its disadvantages. One of them is that you’ll be isolated from the outer world and away from modern life. Then there are less jobs, schools and hospitals, because off all these, we see that the education and health levels are so low.
In my point of view, I think I prefer living in the city to be close to the modern technology, and visiting the country is just for talking rest and change.
2) Writing a balanced Report
Basic tips:
1) Start a new section for each topic.
2) Start the section by writing its’ heading underlined
3) Write in a formal style.
4) Use connecting words (Therefore – so – because – although – however – in spite of – nevertheless – despite – as – but – beside – apart from)
5) Write both positive and negative sides.
6) Use the present simple form (They are – it is ……etc.)
Examples
A. (By Ali Shubbar)
REPORT
To: Mr. Gary Rees
From: Ali Shubbar
Subject: Cape Side High School
I visited Cape side high School and was quite impressed by the school and by the environment.
The school: This is made up of three buildings linked together. Pitches and courts are found there. Although the classes are dirty and not airy, they are big. There is a fully equipped computer center in the second building, and a quite stocked library.
Staff: Those we met seemed very friendly and efficient. All are well qualified, and the examination results are semi-excellent.
Laboratories & Gymnasium: Labs are not fully equipped. Lots of materials are not available. The gym is fully equipped with three playgrounds for different games.
Environment: This is a busy housing and school area, but with the policemen everything is going just the way it should be to stop the crowd.
Conclusion: This school would be an ideal place for a holiday course. However, the classes must be cleaned and the labs must be fully equipped.
B. (From the book)
Report
To: Mrs. Money
From: Anna Springfield
Subject: Hot Dollar Country Club
I visited the Hot Dollar country club last might and was quite impressed by what I saw, although with certain reservations.
The building: This is a large country house with tasteful decorations and fittings. Downstairs, there is a large lounge with an open log fire, a café, restaurant and games room. Upstairs, there are bedrooms and a well stocked library.
The restaurant: The food is of a high standard although prices are very high. The choice of vegetarian dishes is rather limited.
The café and the games room: Excellent, the music in the café is varied up-to-date. As for the staff, they are patient and efficient.
The gardens: I found the lawns and gardens beautiful. Some of the paths are rather steep, however, especially for older club members.
Conclusion: All together, I was impressed by the club. I feel it is a suitable place to entertain our clients and definitely recommend it. However, I think we should speak to the owner on the subject of vegetarian meals and better paths for older members.
3) Transactional letter – Applying for holiday jobs
Basic tips:
1) Start each paragraph on a new line with indentation.
2) The style should be not too formal and not too informal.
3) Try to use the following sequence in your ideas:
a. Opening ( Introduction and reason for writing)
b. Why you want the job.
c. Age and experience
d. Request for information
e. Ending (Photos and offer of references)
4) Use the layout shown in the examples
Useful expressions:
I saw your advertisement in …..
I would like to apply for a job as ……
I would like to know more about ……
Please could you send me details about ……
Could you please let me know ……
I am sending a photograph / a reference as requested.
I can come for an interview at any time.
I look forward to hearing from you.
Examples:
A. By Soso
PO box 133
Manama
Bahrain
5/11/2002
Dear Sir,
I am writing this letter to ask you about your advertisement which you put in the newspaper last week.
I liked this job because I have always dreamt of spending a summer holiday in a camp. I like sports and entertainment.
I am 17 years old, I like cooking and I feel that working with you is a good chance to create more friendships.
I am from Bahrain and my holiday lasts until the 3rd of September.
Could you please let me know how much you will give me, and where we will stay ((send me a photo if possible)). Also, I want to know about the activities that could be done after the work hours ((at night)).
I will be very thankful if you reply as soon as possible.
Yours faithfully,
Kathy Sam
B. By Ali Shubbar
P.O. Box 222,
Manama,
Bahrain
Nov 2, 2002
Dear Sir/Madam,
I saw your advertisement in the paper and am very interested in helping for the camps.
I’m a student and like to have fun. I enjoy being with young people. Working with you would be an ideal chance (opportunity) to spend some time outdoors (abroad).
I’m 16 years old and very fit. Although I’ve never helped in camping before, I have helped in a Fête and I’m used to working hard. I can organize sports and entertainments.
Could you please let me know how many hours I’m going to work and how modest the accommodation is? I would also like to know what kind of sports I’m going to organize, and if it is necessary to know how to cook.
Here I enclose a photo as requested. My last employer will be happy to write me a reference if you so wish.
I look forward to hearing from you.
Yours faithfully (sincerely),
Ali Shubbar
4) A formal letter
Basic tips:
1) Use the layout shown in the examples.
2) The style must be formal.
3) Do NOT use contradictions (He’s , I’d …)
4) Address strangers by Sir/Madam.
5) Use paragraphs, but without indentation.
6) When describing use the following sequence:
Size colour pattern material article additional information
7) Use commas to divide groups of words in a sentence or separate items in a list.
Useful expressions:
Thank you for your letter of ….
I am writing in reply to …..
I am writing to inform you of ….
to complain about …..
to enquire about …..
to apply for …….
for more information about …..
I would be grateful if you could / would …..
Could you possibly ……
I would be grateful if you would …..
I look forward to hearing from you / meeting you very soon.
Examples:
A. A letter of complaint (Ali Shubbar)
P.O. Box 1294
Manama,
Bahrain
October 3, 2002
SONY, Ashraf
P.O. Box ….
Manama,
Bahrain
Dear Sir / Madam,
I am writing to complain about a videocassette recorder (VCR) which I bought from your store in the SALE two weeks ago. I tried the sample VCR for flaws and checked how it worked. When I got to the cashier, however, the assistant got me a packed one, and assured me it was perfect.
I was very happy about buying the VCR; I switched on the power and played the cassette. Suddenly, the cassette got stuck. Added to that, I lost the cassette because it was torn inside the VCR.
As you will understand, I was extremely upset when this happened. Although I bought the VCR in the SALE, it cost a lot. Moreover, I only bought it from you because of your reputation for perfect quality. In fact, I have always recommended your store to friends in the past. I shall think twice before I do so again.
Here I enclose the VCR with this letter and look forward to receiving an apology and a full refund of the cost BD 200 or a replacement for the VCR.
I look forward to hearing from you,
Yours faithfully,
Ali Shubbar
B. Descriptive Letter (Ali Shubbar)
P.O. Box 222
Manama,
Bahrain
Oct 20 2002
ZARA,
Seef Mall,
Seef,
Bahrain
Dear Sir/Madam,
I’m writing to ask if anybody has handed in a car key, which I think I lost in your store last Wednesday evening. I put it on the cashier counter to pay the money, and then probably left it there.
It is a BMW car key, with a rectangle shape and the BMW’s slogan. I am desperate to find it because I can’t start my car without it, and it is the only spare one with remote control.
Please could you let me know if anybody has handed in a car key of this description, and if it would be possible to call me on 222222 so I can come and pick it up.
I look forward to hearing from you.
Yours faithfully,
Ali Shubbar
5) Writing a narrative
Basic tips:
1) Try using the following sequence:
a. Introduction (Background – Who? – Where? – When?)
b. The beginning of the story
c. The cause of the accident / situation
d. Your feeling while the accident.
e. The end of the story (The solution)
f. Conclusion
2) Make the beginning unusual or dramatic.
3) Make sure the events follow each other logically.
4) Start a new paragraph for each new stage of the story and use indentation.
5) Leave gaps between paragraphs
6) Use linking words (In the beginning – after that – a few seconds later – a while later – in the end)
Tenses Used:
Past continuous( was …ing): to describe what was happening at the same time as the main event began.
Past Perfect (had done / had been doing): to show one action was finished before another began.
Past Simple: to describe what happened after the main event began OR to list a sequence of separate events.
Examples:
a. Frightening story (From Noor Altawheed)
Last night while I was sleeping in my room, all my family was sleeping also, and the house was quiet. Suddenly, I woke up when I heard a loud noise coming from the kitchen.
It was about two o’clock in the morning, so I got up frightened and walked slowly towards the door. I opened it quietly, that was when I saw my parents crossing the hall to the kitchen. So I followed them. But when they heard my footsteps my mother shouted.
Quickly I answered her: “Mum”, she stopped shouting and held my hand. After that, we continued walking until we were in front of the kitchen door. My father opened it. We saw a body lying on the floor and the blood was covering the entire place. My mother and I started shouting and screaming until my mother lost her conscious. Then the body stood up and laughed loudly. He was just my brother Hussain and he was joking with us!
After minutes, my mother woke up and asked what was going on. When she knew that he was just my brother, she became extremely angry and punished him.
I was so happy for that!
b. Scary story (By Ali Shubbar)
Sometimes the simplest things, for example, a box of matches can cause a serious accident in the house. I was 6 years old. I returned home from school to our house in Essa Town. I greeted my mother. I went upstairs to have some rest until my father came back and until lunch was ready.
My mother had to go to go to the super market to get some cooking oil. It wasn't far away. Only 10 minutes away from our house. I had a sore throat that day, so my mother decided to leave me home while she went to the supermarket to buy the oil. I was playing with my toy in the hall near the kitchen, got a box of matches from a drawer and lit a match and put it too close to my toy. In a second, the toy caught fire and it moved to my clothes.
My brother found me screaming, in great pain. He got a big towel from the bathroom, wetted it with some water very quickly and wrapped me with it put the fire out. Then he called the ambulance. The ambulance came in 10 minutes. I was badly hurt. They handled me, and they put some bandages on my hand. I thanked god that I stayed alive.
6) Describing festivals and ceremonies
Basic tips:
1) Describe every one or two aspects of the festival in a separate paragraph.
2) Use plenty of adjectives and adverbs.
3) Use the passive to describe preparations and celebrations.
4) Use the present simple to describe activities.
5) When making notes uses headings such as:
Name of festival: Where, when, why it is celebrated
Preparations:
Costumes:
Food:
The day’s events:
Evening activities:
Events for the children:
Other details:
Examples:
a. Eid Ul-Adhu (Taliba Alnoor)
Eid _ul-Adha is celebrated throughout the Muslim world as a commemoration of Prophet Ibrahim's willingness to sacrifice his son Ismail for God. Eid-ul-Adha is celebrated on the tenth day of the month of Thul-Hijja. Sheep and goat are killed as a reminder of the sheep God provided as a substitute for Ismail, and the meat is shared with the poor.
Preparations being a few days earlier, new clothes are bought and special Arabic coffee is prepared. Delicious traditional sweets such as halwa and rahash are bought. Streets are decorated with beautiful and shining lights.
On the morning of the festival, children go to neighbours to take the "Eideyya'. The family members visit each other. In the afternoon, a special meal, called "Machboos" is cooked and served when the family gathers. Late in the afternoon, children go to the seaside to celebrate the "Heyya Beyya" which is a small plant grown in a small basket for children. They throw it in the sea with a wish to reach the Holy City of Mecca.
Eid-ul-Adha is surely one of the most enjoyable festivals of the year and everybody, especially the children, looks forward to its return.
b. The day of Bahrain (Ali Shubbar)
The most nation wide events in Bahrain are the National day and the Coronation day. They are held all over Bahrain each year on 16, 17 December. The idea started when Bahrain became independent in 1971 and the late Emir Sheikh Isa held the throne.
Preparations begin weeks before hand. The streets are decorated with multi color lamps, big colorful posters with the pictures of H.M. The King. Costumes and masks are carefully designed and vehicles are decorated with Bahrain’s flags. Flags and streamers are hung and placed all over Bahrain. Buildings are decorated. Drum bands rehearse. Students at school rehearse as well for the big day.
The event lasts for 2 days and is a glorious feast of music and color. The procession of the day followed by dancers and bands in original Arab costumes parades, and the spectators’ cheers fill the cold air. At night, people rush to Isa Town stadium to watch the firework displays. They are watched in many areas, too. They add to the beauty of the celebration. Several channels transmit the celebration live to enable people at home to watch the festival as well.
The festival is a carefree holiday to the majority of people on the island. Thousands of people watch the festival. It’s a day to remember.
c. The national day
The most colorful festival in Bahrain is the national day. It is held all over Bahrain each year on the 16th of December. It marks the independence of Bahrain in 1971.
Preparations begin two weeks before hand. Traditions costumes are carefully designed and some vehicles are decorated with Bahrain’s flag. Streets and houses are decorated with bright lights, streamers and big posters with pictures of the royal family. Steel and drum bans rehearse. Student at the school rehearse for the big festival. The whole country looks wonderful before that day.
The celebrations last for three days. It is a wonderful feast of joy and happiness. On the first day H.H the emir addresses the nation. Later on, many people head for the emirs palace to congratulate him on this occasion.
In the afternoon people start gathering near the nation stadium in Isa town where the procession begins. Boys and girls put on their best clothes. Sword dancers in original Arab costumes perform in front of people. Several channels transmit the celebration live.
On the second and third day the celebration continues. There are fireworks and traditional singing and dancing. Thousand of people take part in the celebration – Bahraini’s and none Bahraini’s – the whole festival is a carefree holiday. And a great time to remember.
Every year my family and I watch this festival. We always have a great time. The national day is the happiest time in Bahrain
d. The wedding day
Weddings are very special occasions in almost every country. In Bahrain wedding ceremonies are happy times to all – families, friends and neighbors.
Preparations for the wedding start well beforehand. Relatives and friends of the couple take part in the preparations. If the wedding party is held in the groom’s house, the house is decorated with colorful lights. Sometimes a tent is put up near the house so that women can celebrate away from men. A special meal is prepared for the guests. Sometimes wedding parties are held in hotels, matams or special halls. Generally a lot of preparations are made before the wedding.
On the wedding day the guests don’t arrive before evenings. However, the day starts early for the couple and their close friends. The bride either goes to the hairdresser or summons a lady hairdresser to come to her. Her best friends help her to get dressed and get ready for the wedding. The bright groom does the same. He has to wear a special cloak called “Beshet”. He goes to the place where the wedding is to be held early and waits for the guests to arrive. Guests congratulate the groom and his family then they are invited to have a meal. There are no dancing or singing in the groom’s party. However women and girls sing to the bride and may even dance. The atmosphere in the party is that of happiness and enjoyment.
In the end the bride goes to live with her groom in his place, with little of tears because of leaving her family and home. However, with time she gets on with this situation and both of them, the groom and the bride, go on their honeymoon.
e. Weddings
Weddings are very happy occasions all over the world. In Bahrain, weddings are celebrated in different ways. However, I will write about the common features.
Preparations for the wedding usually take place two weeks beforehand. The bridegrooms and the bride’s families decorate their houses and invite relatives and friends to this special occasion. Relatives and friends of the couple often take part in the preparations. Some take care of decorating the place where the wedding will be held. Others prepare a special meal on the wedding day. Sometimes, the meal is ordered from restaurants and bakeries.
On the wedding day, the brides close friends help her get ready by putting Henna and make up and wearing special wedding clothes for this special occasion. Sometimes, a women hairdresser is called to help the bride with make up. The same happens to the bridegroom. There are two separate parties for men and women. The bridegroom puts on a traditional ((Bisht)) and receives the guests who come to congratulate him and his family. The guests are offered sweets and coffee before they are invited to have the meal. In the brides’ party, women and girls sing and dance to the bride. However, men cannot see this because it is held in a closed place or in a special tent.
When the party is over, the couples go to their new house or go to the hotel. On the following day, special meal called ((Halwa)) is served in the morning for the guests who come to congratulate the bridegroom, the bride and their families. The honeymoon usually starts the next day.
Of course, recently great changes have taken place in this tradition.
Eng 105
1) For and against
Basic tips:
1) Try to write 4 paragraphs. An introduction, advantages, disadvantages, and a conclusion.
2) Try to point out an equal number of advantages and disadvantages.
3) Link sentences with linking words (In the first place, …. - To begin with, … - In addition, ….. - What is more, … - Furthermore, … – Then, there is …. – Finally, …. – Last but not least, …)
4) Use indentation (Leave a space in the beginning of each paragraph)
5) You can use contrasting expressions to compare one point to another like:
Although / In spite of the fact that / While “It is expensive” , “it is very low in quality”
Or
“It is very expensive”. However / Nevertheless / On the other hand / In spite of this, “it is very low in quality”
Examples:
A. Keeping animals in zoos
Keeping animals in zoos has many advantages and disadvantages.
One of the most obvious advantages of keeping animals in zoos is that animals are looked after when they are sick. This can give them the best of care and also protect them from diseases. In addition to that, it’s a place where people can see and learn about animals. Finally, it can be a good place for scientists to study animals and their needs, so that they can protect them becoming extinct.
On the other hand, keeping animals in zoos has a lot of disadvantages. First of all, they are prevented from their freedom, which can cause them to be unhappy and uncomfortable. Furthermore, animals are usually forced to do silly tricks to entertain visitors of the zoo, and that might cause them discomfort. Last but not least, keeping animals in zoos can disturb the natural balance of wildlife.
In conclusion, keeping animals in zoos can be the best way to study them and save them from becoming extinct by breeding programs. However, it would be better to keep them in wild protected areas, and study them there.
B. Owning a television
Many people like watching television and spend hours sitting watching that small screen. However this has both advantages and disadvantages.
One of the obvious advantages of having a television is that it offers cheap and convenient entertainment which nearly everyone can afford. This is especially important for people who are alone all day or for large families who can’t afford to go out to cinemas. What is more, television can have a serious educational side and there are plenty of good current affairs programmes which are very informative.
On the other hand, having a television can have certain disadvantages. While it is good to have such cheap and convenient entertainment in your own living room, it may also mean the end of reading and conversation for large parts of the evening. Furthermore, although there are many good programmes on television, there is often too much blood and violence on screen. This can be especially harmful for children.
All in all, I think that having a television is important and watching it is useful if one knows how, when and what to watch.
C. Studying abroad
When you want to be different in your family you should do something different also. So when you also want to be the best one of them you should look after your study.
One of the most important things that you must take care of is your future. So you should try to build a good one by studying in good places. I hope that my brothers and I study in the best places. People always think that studying abroad is a good way to start our lives. However, it has some advantages and disadvantages.
Let’s look at the dark side first. When you are in a different country you might be affected by the culture there. Also, you will find yourself in a place that you can’t get along with at first. This means that you will have to hold a lot of responsibilities. Furthermore, you will be far away from your family and you will feel lonely.
However, studying abroad has a lot of advantages. In the first place, schools in other countries teach students in a better way than ours’ do. In addition to that, they give students a higher certificate. Last but not least, studying abroad gives the student time to learn different things like housekeeping for example.
Finally, we can say that studying abroad is a good way to improve our language and education. But in the same time it can affect our tradition and culture.
D. Traveling abroad (Ahmed Al-Khaja)
Many people travel abroad for several reasons. Some prefer not to do so. Personally, I believe traveling abroad has both advantages and disadvantages.
One of the most obvious advantages of traveling abroad is that it introduces new cultures and gets you to know the customs and traditions of other nations. Furthermore, traveling abroad is a great mean of leisure and entertainment. Finally, by traveling abroad you can receive education by entering courses in high reputable universities and institutes.
On the other hand, traveling abroad can have many disadvantages. First of all, it can cause you to get affected by other cultures and forget your own. What is more, you can face very risky situations while being abroad. Being foreign to the country, you might find it difficult to escape these situations. Last but not least, many people have a tendency to spend too much money when being abroad. When they return home, they might face financial problems because of this behaviour.
In conclusion, traveling abroad might be of benefit to the traveler, but it also might cause him misery. I think the kind of person the traveler is determines whether traveling abroad is good or bad for him.
E. Owning a mobile phone
One of the most important developments in the field of telecommunication is the mobile phone. I believe the mobile phone has both advantages and disadvantages.
We are now in the 21st century, and it is necessary to contact with other sides of the world. The mobile phone makes this easy. All my family and I have got a mobile phone. Furthermore, the mobile phone can help one get out of risky situations. Finally, the mobile is small and easy to carry.
On the other hand, owning a mobile phone can cost a lot of money. In addition to that, it can also cause one’s body harm if he uses it too much. Last but not least, mobiles can be annoying if the network isn’t very strong.
Owning a mobile phone in this age has become very essential. However one should control himself and only use it for important calls.
F. Owning a car
Every family has one or two cars or two nowadays. But, owning a car has both advantages and disadvantages.
One of the most obvious advantages of owning a car is that a car allows people to move around freely. Furthermore, there is no need to wait for a bus or a taxi, so it saves time. Moreover, owning a car is a comfortable way to travel. Especially in the winter. It can protect you from standing under the rain or in the cold. Last but not least, a car makes your life safer. You will not need to walk down a dark street to wait for a bus or take a taxi.
On the other hand, owning a car has a lot of disadvantages. First of all, owning a car can be very expensive. As well, the fuel costs a lot and a car is expensive to maintain. Although it allows people to more around freely, it is very exhausting to drive in rush hour traffics. Moreover, it causes death to many people every day. Finally, if you leave your car in the street it might get stolen.
Although owning a car has some disadvantages, it has more important advantages. Therefore, I think it is very important nowadays to own a car.
G. Living in a big family (Ali Shubbar)
It is known that people in the past used to have big families. They took it as an advantage. However, nowadays, people think it has some disadvantages.
One of the most obvious advantages of having a big family is that you can never be alone (isolated) or feel bored. Therefore, you will always fell safe and secure. Furthermore, brothers and sisters can help each other in education. They can exchange some of their experiences. Moreover, they support each other when they face a problem. What’s more, if the children grew up and worked, they may help their parents financially. More than that, children can wear each other’s clothes or play with each other’s toys.
On the other hand, having a big family has its disadvantages. In the first place, it may be difficult for the parents to control them and provide them with sufficient food, clothing and education expenses. Moreover, they won’t be able to go out a lot, because it will cost too much. For instance, if you decided to go to the cinema, it will cost at least BD 2 for each one. Added to that, having a big family means a lot of fighting. Everyone wants to watch a different program and eat a different meal …etc. That means their needs will increase.
Finally, is having a big family good or bad? In my case, living in a normal family is the perfect thing for me.
H. Living in a city or in a country? (From Noor Altawheed)
A lot of people want to live in a city, so some of them moved from the country to the city looking for better chances. But still there are some people who prefer to live in a country. So is it better to live in a city or in a country?
First, let’s talk about living in a city. It’s preferred as a place to live in because it shows you a variety of people, races and cultures. Also, it’s more exiting with its movies, theatres and restaurants. Then, there are lots of interesting shops, which make your shopping great and comfortable. Finally, the most important advantage is that it gives you more job opportunities.
On the other hand, some people don’t prefer to live in the city because it has a lot of drawbacks. One of them is the traffic jams and parking problems. Also, the polluted air, which affects our health. In addition, living there is so expensive. Furthermore, the shops are always crowded, so that makes us worried. The most important thing is that living there can be more dangerous because there are so many crimes.
Now, we’ll take about living in a country. Life in the country is very peaceful and quite. The people are so friendly and kind. Then, there is the fresh air, which comforts us. You live there with out pollution, noise, stress or crimes.
From anther way, living in the country can has its disadvantages. One of them is that you’ll be isolated from the outer world and away from modern life. Then there are less jobs, schools and hospitals, because off all these, we see that the education and health levels are so low.
In my point of view, I think I prefer living in the city to be close to the modern technology, and visiting the country is just for talking rest and change.
2) Writing a balanced Report
Basic tips:
1) Start a new section for each topic.
2) Start the section by writing its’ heading underlined
3) Write in a formal style.
4) Use connecting words (Therefore – so – because – although – however – in spite of – nevertheless – despite – as – but – beside – apart from)
5) Write both positive and negative sides.
6) Use the present simple form (They are – it is ……etc.)
Examples
A. (By Ali Shubbar)
REPORT
To: Mr. Gary Rees
From: Ali Shubbar
Subject: Cape Side High School
I visited Cape side high School and was quite impressed by the school and by the environment.
The school: This is made up of three buildings linked together. Pitches and courts are found there. Although the classes are dirty and not airy, they are big. There is a fully equipped computer center in the second building, and a quite stocked library.
Staff: Those we met seemed very friendly and efficient. All are well qualified, and the examination results are semi-excellent.
Laboratories & Gymnasium: Labs are not fully equipped. Lots of materials are not available. The gym is fully equipped with three playgrounds for different games.
Environment: This is a busy housing and school area, but with the policemen everything is going just the way it should be to stop the crowd.
Conclusion: This school would be an ideal place for a holiday course. However, the classes must be cleaned and the labs must be fully equipped.
B. (From the book)
Report
To: Mrs. Money
From: Anna Springfield
Subject: Hot Dollar Country Club
I visited the Hot Dollar country club last might and was quite impressed by what I saw, although with certain reservations.
The building: This is a large country house with tasteful decorations and fittings. Downstairs, there is a large lounge with an open log fire, a café, restaurant and games room. Upstairs, there are bedrooms and a well stocked library.
The restaurant: The food is of a high standard although prices are very high. The choice of vegetarian dishes is rather limited.
The café and the games room: Excellent, the music in the café is varied up-to-date. As for the staff, they are patient and efficient.
The gardens: I found the lawns and gardens beautiful. Some of the paths are rather steep, however, especially for older club members.
Conclusion: All together, I was impressed by the club. I feel it is a suitable place to entertain our clients and definitely recommend it. However, I think we should speak to the owner on the subject of vegetarian meals and better paths for older members.
3) Transactional letter – Applying for holiday jobs
Basic tips:
1) Start each paragraph on a new line with indentation.
2) The style should be not too formal and not too informal.
3) Try to use the following sequence in your ideas:
a. Opening ( Introduction and reason for writing)
b. Why you want the job.
c. Age and experience
d. Request for information
e. Ending (Photos and offer of references)
4) Use the layout shown in the examples
Useful expressions:
I saw your advertisement in …..
I would like to apply for a job as ……
I would like to know more about ……
Please could you send me details about ……
Could you please let me know ……
I am sending a photograph / a reference as requested.
I can come for an interview at any time.
I look forward to hearing from you.
Examples:
A. By Soso
PO box 133
Manama
Bahrain
5/11/2002
Dear Sir,
I am writing this letter to ask you about your advertisement which you put in the newspaper last week.
I liked this job because I have always dreamt of spending a summer holiday in a camp. I like sports and entertainment.
I am 17 years old, I like cooking and I feel that working with you is a good chance to create more friendships.
I am from Bahrain and my holiday lasts until the 3rd of September.
Could you please let me know how much you will give me, and where we will stay ((send me a photo if possible)). Also, I want to know about the activities that could be done after the work hours ((at night)).
I will be very thankful if you reply as soon as possible.
Yours faithfully,
Kathy Sam
B. By Ali Shubbar
P.O. Box 222,
Manama,
Bahrain
Nov 2, 2002
Dear Sir/Madam,
I saw your advertisement in the paper and am very interested in helping for the camps.
I’m a student and like to have fun. I enjoy being with young people. Working with you would be an ideal chance (opportunity) to spend some time outdoors (abroad).
I’m 16 years old and very fit. Although I’ve never helped in camping before, I have helped in a Fête and I’m used to working hard. I can organize sports and entertainments.
Could you please let me know how many hours I’m going to work and how modest the accommodation is? I would also like to know what kind of sports I’m going to organize, and if it is necessary to know how to cook.
Here I enclose a photo as requested. My last employer will be happy to write me a reference if you so wish.
I look forward to hearing from you.
Yours faithfully (sincerely),
Ali Shubbar
4) A formal letter
Basic tips:
1) Use the layout shown in the examples.
2) The style must be formal.
3) Do NOT use contradictions (He’s , I’d …)
4) Address strangers by Sir/Madam.
5) Use paragraphs, but without indentation.
6) When describing use the following sequence:
Size colour pattern material article additional information
7) Use commas to divide groups of words in a sentence or separate items in a list.
Useful expressions:
Thank you for your letter of ….
I am writing in reply to …..
I am writing to inform you of ….
to complain about …..
to enquire about …..
to apply for …….
for more information about …..
I would be grateful if you could / would …..
Could you possibly ……
I would be grateful if you would …..
I look forward to hearing from you / meeting you very soon.
Examples:
A. A letter of complaint (Ali Shubbar)
P.O. Box 1294
Manama,
Bahrain
October 3, 2002
SONY, Ashraf
P.O. Box ….
Manama,
Bahrain
Dear Sir / Madam,
I am writing to complain about a videocassette recorder (VCR) which I bought from your store in the SALE two weeks ago. I tried the sample VCR for flaws and checked how it worked. When I got to the cashier, however, the assistant got me a packed one, and assured me it was perfect.
I was very happy about buying the VCR; I switched on the power and played the cassette. Suddenly, the cassette got stuck. Added to that, I lost the cassette because it was torn inside the VCR.
As you will understand, I was extremely upset when this happened. Although I bought the VCR in the SALE, it cost a lot. Moreover, I only bought it from you because of your reputation for perfect quality. In fact, I have always recommended your store to friends in the past. I shall think twice before I do so again.
Here I enclose the VCR with this letter and look forward to receiving an apology and a full refund of the cost BD 200 or a replacement for the VCR.
I look forward to hearing from you,
Yours faithfully,
Ali Shubbar
B. Descriptive Letter (Ali Shubbar)
P.O. Box 222
Manama,
Bahrain
Oct 20 2002
ZARA,
Seef Mall,
Seef,
Bahrain
Dear Sir/Madam,
I’m writing to ask if anybody has handed in a car key, which I think I lost in your store last Wednesday evening. I put it on the cashier counter to pay the money, and then probably left it there.
It is a BMW car key, with a rectangle shape and the BMW’s slogan. I am desperate to find it because I can’t start my car without it, and it is the only spare one with remote control.
Please could you let me know if anybody has handed in a car key of this description, and if it would be possible to call me on 222222 so I can come and pick it up.
I look forward to hearing from you.
Yours faithfully,
Ali Shubbar
5) Writing a narrative
Basic tips:
1) Try using the following sequence:
a. Introduction (Background – Who? – Where? – When?)
b. The beginning of the story
c. The cause of the accident / situation
d. Your feeling while the accident.
e. The end of the story (The solution)
f. Conclusion
2) Make the beginning unusual or dramatic.
3) Make sure the events follow each other logically.
4) Start a new paragraph for each new stage of the story and use indentation.
5) Leave gaps between paragraphs
6) Use linking words (In the beginning – after that – a few seconds later – a while later – in the end)
Tenses Used:
Past continuous( was …ing): to describe what was happening at the same time as the main event began.
Past Perfect (had done / had been doing): to show one action was finished before another began.
Past Simple: to describe what happened after the main event began OR to list a sequence of separate events.
Examples:
a. Frightening story (From Noor Altawheed)
Last night while I was sleeping in my room, all my family was sleeping also, and the house was quiet. Suddenly, I woke up when I heard a loud noise coming from the kitchen.
It was about two o’clock in the morning, so I got up frightened and walked slowly towards the door. I opened it quietly, that was when I saw my parents crossing the hall to the kitchen. So I followed them. But when they heard my footsteps my mother shouted.
Quickly I answered her: “Mum”, she stopped shouting and held my hand. After that, we continued walking until we were in front of the kitchen door. My father opened it. We saw a body lying on the floor and the blood was covering the entire place. My mother and I started shouting and screaming until my mother lost her conscious. Then the body stood up and laughed loudly. He was just my brother Hussain and he was joking with us!
After minutes, my mother woke up and asked what was going on. When she knew that he was just my brother, she became extremely angry and punished him.
I was so happy for that!
b. Scary story (By Ali Shubbar)
Sometimes the simplest things, for example, a box of matches can cause a serious accident in the house. I was 6 years old. I returned home from school to our house in Essa Town. I greeted my mother. I went upstairs to have some rest until my father came back and until lunch was ready.
My mother had to go to go to the super market to get some cooking oil. It wasn't far away. Only 10 minutes away from our house. I had a sore throat that day, so my mother decided to leave me home while she went to the supermarket to buy the oil. I was playing with my toy in the hall near the kitchen, got a box of matches from a drawer and lit a match and put it too close to my toy. In a second, the toy caught fire and it moved to my clothes.
My brother found me screaming, in great pain. He got a big towel from the bathroom, wetted it with some water very quickly and wrapped me with it put the fire out. Then he called the ambulance. The ambulance came in 10 minutes. I was badly hurt. They handled me, and they put some bandages on my hand. I thanked god that I stayed alive.
6) Describing festivals and ceremonies
Basic tips:
1) Describe every one or two aspects of the festival in a separate paragraph.
2) Use plenty of adjectives and adverbs.
3) Use the passive to describe preparations and celebrations.
4) Use the present simple to describe activities.
5) When making notes uses headings such as:
Name of festival: Where, when, why it is celebrated
Preparations:
Costumes:
Food:
The day’s events:
Evening activities:
Events for the children:
Other details:
Examples:
a. Eid Ul-Adhu (Taliba Alnoor)
Eid _ul-Adha is celebrated throughout the Muslim world as a commemoration of Prophet Ibrahim's willingness to sacrifice his son Ismail for God. Eid-ul-Adha is celebrated on the tenth day of the month of Thul-Hijja. Sheep and goat are killed as a reminder of the sheep God provided as a substitute for Ismail, and the meat is shared with the poor.
Preparations being a few days earlier, new clothes are bought and special Arabic coffee is prepared. Delicious traditional sweets such as halwa and rahash are bought. Streets are decorated with beautiful and shining lights.
On the morning of the festival, children go to neighbours to take the "Eideyya'. The family members visit each other. In the afternoon, a special meal, called "Machboos" is cooked and served when the family gathers. Late in the afternoon, children go to the seaside to celebrate the "Heyya Beyya" which is a small plant grown in a small basket for children. They throw it in the sea with a wish to reach the Holy City of Mecca.
Eid-ul-Adha is surely one of the most enjoyable festivals of the year and everybody, especially the children, looks forward to its return.
b. The day of Bahrain (Ali Shubbar)
The most nation wide events in Bahrain are the National day and the Coronation day. They are held all over Bahrain each year on 16, 17 December. The idea started when Bahrain became independent in 1971 and the late Emir Sheikh Isa held the throne.
Preparations begin weeks before hand. The streets are decorated with multi color lamps, big colorful posters with the pictures of H.M. The King. Costumes and masks are carefully designed and vehicles are decorated with Bahrain’s flags. Flags and streamers are hung and placed all over Bahrain. Buildings are decorated. Drum bands rehearse. Students at school rehearse as well for the big day.
The event lasts for 2 days and is a glorious feast of music and color. The procession of the day followed by dancers and bands in original Arab costumes parades, and the spectators’ cheers fill the cold air. At night, people rush to Isa Town stadium to watch the firework displays. They are watched in many areas, too. They add to the beauty of the celebration. Several channels transmit the celebration live to enable people at home to watch the festival as well.
The festival is a carefree holiday to the majority of people on the island. Thousands of people watch the festival. It’s a day to remember.
c. The national day
The most colorful festival in Bahrain is the national day. It is held all over Bahrain each year on the 16th of December. It marks the independence of Bahrain in 1971.
Preparations begin two weeks before hand. Traditions costumes are carefully designed and some vehicles are decorated with Bahrain’s flag. Streets and houses are decorated with bright lights, streamers and big posters with pictures of the royal family. Steel and drum bans rehearse. Student at the school rehearse for the big festival. The whole country looks wonderful before that day.
The celebrations last for three days. It is a wonderful feast of joy and happiness. On the first day H.H the emir addresses the nation. Later on, many people head for the emirs palace to congratulate him on this occasion.
In the afternoon people start gathering near the nation stadium in Isa town where the procession begins. Boys and girls put on their best clothes. Sword dancers in original Arab costumes perform in front of people. Several channels transmit the celebration live.
On the second and third day the celebration continues. There are fireworks and traditional singing and dancing. Thousand of people take part in the celebration – Bahraini’s and none Bahraini’s – the whole festival is a carefree holiday. And a great time to remember.
Every year my family and I watch this festival. We always have a great time. The national day is the happiest time in Bahrain
d. The wedding day
Weddings are very special occasions in almost every country. In Bahrain wedding ceremonies are happy times to all – families, friends and neighbors.
Preparations for the wedding start well beforehand. Relatives and friends of the couple take part in the preparations. If the wedding party is held in the groom’s house, the house is decorated with colorful lights. Sometimes a tent is put up near the house so that women can celebrate away from men. A special meal is prepared for the guests. Sometimes wedding parties are held in hotels, matams or special halls. Generally a lot of preparations are made before the wedding.
On the wedding day the guests don’t arrive before evenings. However, the day starts early for the couple and their close friends. The bride either goes to the hairdresser or summons a lady hairdresser to come to her. Her best friends help her to get dressed and get ready for the wedding. The bright groom does the same. He has to wear a special cloak called “Beshet”. He goes to the place where the wedding is to be held early and waits for the guests to arrive. Guests congratulate the groom and his family then they are invited to have a meal. There are no dancing or singing in the groom’s party. However women and girls sing to the bride and may even dance. The atmosphere in the party is that of happiness and enjoyment.
In the end the bride goes to live with her groom in his place, with little of tears because of leaving her family and home. However, with time she gets on with this situation and both of them, the groom and the bride, go on their honeymoon.
e. Weddings
Weddings are very happy occasions all over the world. In Bahrain, weddings are celebrated in different ways. However, I will write about the common features.
Preparations for the wedding usually take place two weeks beforehand. The bridegrooms and the bride’s families decorate their houses and invite relatives and friends to this special occasion. Relatives and friends of the couple often take part in the preparations. Some take care of decorating the place where the wedding will be held. Others prepare a special meal on the wedding day. Sometimes, the meal is ordered from restaurants and bakeries.
On the wedding day, the brides close friends help her get ready by putting Henna and make up and wearing special wedding clothes for this special occasion. Sometimes, a women hairdresser is called to help the bride with make up. The same happens to the bridegroom. There are two separate parties for men and women. The bridegroom puts on a traditional ((Bisht)) and receives the guests who come to congratulate him and his family. The guests are offered sweets and coffee before they are invited to have the meal. In the brides’ party, women and girls sing and dance to the bride. However, men cannot see this because it is held in a closed place or in a special tent.
When the party is over, the couples go to their new house or go to the hotel. On the following day, special meal called ((Halwa)) is served in the morning for the guests who come to congratulate the bridegroom, the bride and their families. The honeymoon usually starts the next day.
Of course, recently great changes have taken place in this tradition.
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ÇäÌ 103
Fast Food Facts
From the office of the Minnesota Attorney General
Did you know there are more than 300,000 fast food restaurants in the U.S. Why is fast food so popular? Because it is convienent, predictable, and fast. Fast food has become a part of the busy American lifestyle. But, nutrition experts point out, fast food is often high in calories, sodium, fat and cholesterol. This does not mean fast food is bad. But it does mean you should fit fast food into a balanced, healthy diet.
To help you make fast food choices and be an informed consumer, the Minnesota Attorney General's Office has developed the guide Fast Food Facts, which the Food Finder is derived from. Included are the calorie, fat, sodium and cholesterol counts of menu items from popular fast food restaurants, based on the companies' own nutritional analyses. Below are some basic facts to help you make nutritional comparisons with this guide.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Calories
On the average, to maintain desirable weight, men need about 2,700 calories per day and women need about 2,000 calories per day. It is not well understood why some people can eat much more than others and still maintain a desirable weight. However, one thing is certain -- to lose weight, you must take in fewer calories than you burn. This means that you must either choose foods with fewer calories, or you must increase your physical activity, preferably both.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Fat
Research shows that eating too many high-fat foods contributes to high blood cholesterol levels. This can cause hardening of the arteries, coronary heart disease and stroke. High-fat diets may also contribute to a greater risk for some types of cancer, particularly cancers of the breast and colon.
While most Americans get more than 40 percent of their daily calories from fat, the American Heart Association recommends limiting fat to less than 30 percent of daily calories. This means limiting the fast you consume to 50-80 grams per day
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Percent of Calories from Fat
The category in this guide "% of Calories from Fat" is calculated by multiplying the grams of fat by nine (there are nine calories per gram of fat), then dividing the calories of fat by the total number of calories in the food
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Cholesterol
The American Heart Association recommends eating no more than 300 milligrams of cholesterol per day. But don't just look at the cholesterol contained in a food item. A product high in total fat or saturated fat can be an even bigger contributor to high blood cholesterol levels. For example, "cholesterol free" potato chips may be high in fat and may contribute to raising your cholesterol level, because high-fat foods cause the formation of cholesterol in the body, even if the food itself contains no cholesterol.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Salt
Everyone needs some sodium in the diet to replace routine losses. The Food and Nutrition Board of the National Academy of Sciences/ National Research Council has estimated that an "adequate and safe" intake of sodium for healthy adults is 1,100 to 3,300 milligrams a day, the equivalent of approximately 1/2 to 1 1/2 teaspoons of salt. Americans, on average, consume at least twice that amount -- 2,300 to 6,900 milligrams of sodium daily, according to estimates by the Food and Nutrition Board. For some people, consuming high amounts of sodium can cause high blood pressure.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Fast Food Meals
Fast food meals can be high in calories, fat, sodium, and cholesterol. See how easily these red-flag items can add up:
1. Burger
Quater-Pound Cheesburger, Large Fries, 16 oz. soda (McDonald's) This meal: Recommended daily intake:
1,166 calories 2,000-2,700 calories
51 g fat No more than 50-80 g
95 mg cholesterol No more than 300 mg
1,450 mg sodium No more than 1,100-3,300 mg
2. Pizza
4 slices Sausage and Mushroom Pizza, 16 oz. soda (Domino's) This meal: Recommended daily intake:
1,000 calories 2,000-2,700 calories
28 g fat No more than 50-80 g
62 mg cholesterol No more than 300 mg
2,302 mg sodium No more than 1,100-3,300 mg
3. Chicken
2 pieces Fried Chicken (Breast and Wing), Buttermilk Biscuit, Mashed Potatoes and Gravy, Corn-on-the-Cob, 16 oz. soda (KFC) This meal: Recommended daily intake:
1,232 calories 2,000-2,700 calories
57 g fat No more than 50-80 g
157 mg cholesterol No more than 300 mg
2,276 mg sodium No more than 1,100-3,300 mg
4. Taco
Taco Salad, 16 oz. soda (Taco Bell) This meal: Recommended daily intake:
1,057 calories 2,000-2,700 calories
55 g fat No more than 50-80 g
80 mg cholesterol No more than 300 mg
1,620 mg sodium No more than 1,100-3,300 mg
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Better Fast Food Choices
This brochure is not meant to scare you away from fast food entirely. Rather, it is intended to provide you with information to help you make better fast food choices.
Realize that it is still possible to eat fast food occasionally and follow a sensible diet. See how these meals stack up against the previous examples:
1. Burger
Hamburger, Small Fries, 16 oz. soda (McDonald's) This meal: Recommended daily intake:
481 calories 2,000-2,700 calories
19 g fat No more than 50-80 g
30 mg cholesterol No more than 300 mg
665 mg sodium No more than 1,100-3,300 mg
2. Pizza
3 slices Cheese Pizza, 16 oz. diet soda (Domino's) This meal: Recommended daily intake:
516 calories 2,000-2,700 calories
15 g fat No more than 50-80 g
29 mg cholesterol No more than 300 mg
1,470 mg sodium No more than 1,100-3,300 mg
3. Chicken
1 piece Fried Chicken (Wing), Mashed Potatoes and Gravy, Cole Slaw, 16 oz. diet soda (KFC) This meal: Recommended daily intake:
373 calories 2,000-2,700 calories
19 g fat No more than 50-80 g
46 mg cholesterol No more than 300 mg
943 mg sodium No more than 1,100-3,300 mg
4. Taco
Three Light Tacos, 16 oz. diet soda (Taco Bell) This meal: Recommended daily intake:
420 calories 2,000-2,700 calories
15 g fat No more than 50-80 g
60 mg cholesterol No more than 300 mg
840 mg sodium No more than 1,100-3,300 mg
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Fast Food Surprises
Fast-food chains have noticed that consumers are more health-conscious, and as a result many chains are adding healthier choices to their menus. Here are examples of some of these better alternatives:
Arby's Light Roast Chicken Sandwich:
276 calories
7 gr fat
23% calories from fat
33 mg cholesterol
777 mg sodium
Burger King's Chunky Chicken Salad
142 calories
4 g fat
25% calories from fat
49 mg cholesterol
443 mg sodium
McDonald's Vanilla Shake
310 calories
5 g fat
15% calories from fat
25 mg cholesterol
170 mg sodium
Wendy's Chili
210 calories
7 g fat
30% calories from fat
30 mg cholesterol
800 mg sodium
ÇäÌ 103
Fast Food Facts
From the office of the Minnesota Attorney General
Did you know there are more than 300,000 fast food restaurants in the U.S. Why is fast food so popular? Because it is convienent, predictable, and fast. Fast food has become a part of the busy American lifestyle. But, nutrition experts point out, fast food is often high in calories, sodium, fat and cholesterol. This does not mean fast food is bad. But it does mean you should fit fast food into a balanced, healthy diet.
To help you make fast food choices and be an informed consumer, the Minnesota Attorney General's Office has developed the guide Fast Food Facts, which the Food Finder is derived from. Included are the calorie, fat, sodium and cholesterol counts of menu items from popular fast food restaurants, based on the companies' own nutritional analyses. Below are some basic facts to help you make nutritional comparisons with this guide.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Calories
On the average, to maintain desirable weight, men need about 2,700 calories per day and women need about 2,000 calories per day. It is not well understood why some people can eat much more than others and still maintain a desirable weight. However, one thing is certain -- to lose weight, you must take in fewer calories than you burn. This means that you must either choose foods with fewer calories, or you must increase your physical activity, preferably both.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Fat
Research shows that eating too many high-fat foods contributes to high blood cholesterol levels. This can cause hardening of the arteries, coronary heart disease and stroke. High-fat diets may also contribute to a greater risk for some types of cancer, particularly cancers of the breast and colon.
While most Americans get more than 40 percent of their daily calories from fat, the American Heart Association recommends limiting fat to less than 30 percent of daily calories. This means limiting the fast you consume to 50-80 grams per day
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Percent of Calories from Fat
The category in this guide "% of Calories from Fat" is calculated by multiplying the grams of fat by nine (there are nine calories per gram of fat), then dividing the calories of fat by the total number of calories in the food
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Cholesterol
The American Heart Association recommends eating no more than 300 milligrams of cholesterol per day. But don't just look at the cholesterol contained in a food item. A product high in total fat or saturated fat can be an even bigger contributor to high blood cholesterol levels. For example, "cholesterol free" potato chips may be high in fat and may contribute to raising your cholesterol level, because high-fat foods cause the formation of cholesterol in the body, even if the food itself contains no cholesterol.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Salt
Everyone needs some sodium in the diet to replace routine losses. The Food and Nutrition Board of the National Academy of Sciences/ National Research Council has estimated that an "adequate and safe" intake of sodium for healthy adults is 1,100 to 3,300 milligrams a day, the equivalent of approximately 1/2 to 1 1/2 teaspoons of salt. Americans, on average, consume at least twice that amount -- 2,300 to 6,900 milligrams of sodium daily, according to estimates by the Food and Nutrition Board. For some people, consuming high amounts of sodium can cause high blood pressure.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Fast Food Meals
Fast food meals can be high in calories, fat, sodium, and cholesterol. See how easily these red-flag items can add up:
1. Burger
Quater-Pound Cheesburger, Large Fries, 16 oz. soda (McDonald's) This meal: Recommended daily intake:
1,166 calories 2,000-2,700 calories
51 g fat No more than 50-80 g
95 mg cholesterol No more than 300 mg
1,450 mg sodium No more than 1,100-3,300 mg
2. Pizza
4 slices Sausage and Mushroom Pizza, 16 oz. soda (Domino's) This meal: Recommended daily intake:
1,000 calories 2,000-2,700 calories
28 g fat No more than 50-80 g
62 mg cholesterol No more than 300 mg
2,302 mg sodium No more than 1,100-3,300 mg
3. Chicken
2 pieces Fried Chicken (Breast and Wing), Buttermilk Biscuit, Mashed Potatoes and Gravy, Corn-on-the-Cob, 16 oz. soda (KFC) This meal: Recommended daily intake:
1,232 calories 2,000-2,700 calories
57 g fat No more than 50-80 g
157 mg cholesterol No more than 300 mg
2,276 mg sodium No more than 1,100-3,300 mg
4. Taco
Taco Salad, 16 oz. soda (Taco Bell) This meal: Recommended daily intake:
1,057 calories 2,000-2,700 calories
55 g fat No more than 50-80 g
80 mg cholesterol No more than 300 mg
1,620 mg sodium No more than 1,100-3,300 mg
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Better Fast Food Choices
This brochure is not meant to scare you away from fast food entirely. Rather, it is intended to provide you with information to help you make better fast food choices.
Realize that it is still possible to eat fast food occasionally and follow a sensible diet. See how these meals stack up against the previous examples:
1. Burger
Hamburger, Small Fries, 16 oz. soda (McDonald's) This meal: Recommended daily intake:
481 calories 2,000-2,700 calories
19 g fat No more than 50-80 g
30 mg cholesterol No more than 300 mg
665 mg sodium No more than 1,100-3,300 mg
2. Pizza
3 slices Cheese Pizza, 16 oz. diet soda (Domino's) This meal: Recommended daily intake:
516 calories 2,000-2,700 calories
15 g fat No more than 50-80 g
29 mg cholesterol No more than 300 mg
1,470 mg sodium No more than 1,100-3,300 mg
3. Chicken
1 piece Fried Chicken (Wing), Mashed Potatoes and Gravy, Cole Slaw, 16 oz. diet soda (KFC) This meal: Recommended daily intake:
373 calories 2,000-2,700 calories
19 g fat No more than 50-80 g
46 mg cholesterol No more than 300 mg
943 mg sodium No more than 1,100-3,300 mg
4. Taco
Three Light Tacos, 16 oz. diet soda (Taco Bell) This meal: Recommended daily intake:
420 calories 2,000-2,700 calories
15 g fat No more than 50-80 g
60 mg cholesterol No more than 300 mg
840 mg sodium No more than 1,100-3,300 mg
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Fast Food Surprises
Fast-food chains have noticed that consumers are more health-conscious, and as a result many chains are adding healthier choices to their menus. Here are examples of some of these better alternatives:
Arby's Light Roast Chicken Sandwich:
276 calories
7 gr fat
23% calories from fat
33 mg cholesterol
777 mg sodium
Burger King's Chunky Chicken Salad
142 calories
4 g fat
25% calories from fat
49 mg cholesterol
443 mg sodium
McDonald's Vanilla Shake
310 calories
5 g fat
15% calories from fat
25 mg cholesterol
170 mg sodium
Wendy's Chili
210 calories
7 g fat
30% calories from fat
30 mg cholesterol
800 mg sodium
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Introduction.
Football is one of the most popular games on the entire planet. It is not really that difficult to see why. Anyone can play football, you do not have to be particularly tall or strong to play, nor do you have to be quick in thinking or movement (although these attributes do help, all can be overcome). Football allows the bringing together of all cultures and respect for fellow man.
A game can be played anywhere, whether you are watching two children kicking a coke can around on the driveway or 22 highly paid professionals playing in front of an audience of millions in major cup completions, football offers something for everyone.
Football is like a play. You have two halves full of drama and excitement, where the ending cannot be predicted (well usually). The combined heart beats of the crowd tell a different story from the side that is winning to the side that is not doing very well. The emotions at such matches are very strong and when your teams wins the elation you feel is outstanding. The climax for such passion is delivered usually in the last 10 minutes while you wait for your team to cling on agonizingly to a winning position. Or you are watching your team try and scrape back a desperately needed goal.
Warming Up.
It is very important before you undertake any exercise to warm the body up. This does not mean standing in front of a radiator for 3 hours.
The body is a very fine mechanism and if it is treated wrongly then problems could occur with it. These problems fall into pulled muscles and lack of flexibility. If you develop a good routine that stretches
all of the parts of the body you will limit this.
[align=center]Players. [/align]
They need to stretch the areas of the body that get the most stress in a game. These include the upper and lower legs. (hamstring, groin, calf), stomach, side muscles and neck. As a coach you need to raise the pulse and warm up your players over a few exercises rather than stretching straight off. This is important as it allows the body to get used to the exercise ahead of it. A bit like a motor car needs to warm up to run at its most efficient.
Goalkeepers.
Goalkeepers need to warm all the body parts and muscles I have talked about in the players section. However due to their important role goalkeepers also need to play particular attention to shoulders and arms.
Exercises.
Here below is one method for warming up your players.
First Pulse Raiser: (5 mins)
Get the players to run around the field slowly, gradually get them to increase the pace. Add some humor into this part of the session as it instills the players with confidence that you actually know what you are doing. Get them to jump in the air, pretend to head the ball, dart in and out and other basic moves designed to warm the body up.
Stretch: (Long enough to stretch all parts of the body)
Stretch gradually and hold the position for a few seconds. It is important not to bounce or jerk at the muscles as you can cause injury. Most people prefer to show off their skills with a football. The most important part of football is fitness the fitter you are
the greater contribution you can make to a game. You will also make fewer mistakes. Many goals have been given away at the end of a game due to tiredness mentally due to physical tiredness. To learn how to stretch the muscles properly click on the link below.
Second Pulse Raiser: (5-10mins)
This really is to get the players pulses racing. In this part of the warm up it is important to make the players work hard. This will help improve on their fitness and stamina as they will be required to do additional exercise in the main part of the lesson. The body will learn to recover quickly as regular sessions take place.
Now you are ready for the main part of the lesson.
Shooting.
All aspects of football are important, the team makes or breaks the game. However without shots goals cannot be scored and the game cannot be won.
It is important that the player has the desire to score. Some players will prefer to pass or delay rather than shoot. Great goal scorers are greedy and they believe that they are more likely to score than anyone else on the pitch and because they have more shots than anyone else they are usually right.
It is important not to shoot when someone else is in a better position than you are, but be prepared to shoot whenever possible. If you do not shoot then you will never score.
Always support teammates who have had a shot rather than criticizing them. This is very important remember positive feeling and thinking is the way most games can be won or lost on a psychological level. Confidence is gained from experience and from when goals are scored.
One kick mainly used for shooting is the stab, almost
toe poke. punting the ball forward while the goalkeeper waits for you to pull your foot back to shoot. Remember the place where you make contact with the ball is important to where the ball goes.
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ÊÞÑíÑ ÇäÌ 101FOOTBALL
Introduction.
Football is one of the most popular games on the entire planet. It is not really that difficult to see why. Anyone can play football, you do not have to be particularly tall or strong to play, nor do you have to be quick in thinking or movement (although these attributes do help, all can be overcome). Football allows the bringing together of all cultures and respect for fellow man.
A game can be played anywhere, whether you are watching two children kicking a coke can around on the driveway or 22 highly paid professionals playing in front of an audience of millions in major cup completions, football offers something for everyone.
Football is like a play. You have two halves full of drama and excitement, where the ending cannot be predicted (well usually). The combined heart beats of the crowd tell a different story from the side that is winning to the side that is not doing very well. The emotions at such matches are very strong and when your teams wins the elation you feel is outstanding. The climax for such passion is delivered usually in the last 10 minutes while you wait for your team to cling on agonizingly to a winning position. Or you are watching your team try and scrape back a desperately needed goal.
Warming Up.
It is very important before you undertake any exercise to warm the body up. This does not mean standing in front of a radiator for 3 hours.
The body is a very fine mechanism and if it is treated wrongly then problems could occur with it. These problems fall into pulled muscles and lack of flexibility. If you develop a good routine that stretches
all of the parts of the body you will limit this.
[align=center]Players. [/align]
They need to stretch the areas of the body that get the most stress in a game. These include the upper and lower legs. (hamstring, groin, calf), stomach, side muscles and neck. As a coach you need to raise the pulse and warm up your players over a few exercises rather than stretching straight off. This is important as it allows the body to get used to the exercise ahead of it. A bit like a motor car needs to warm up to run at its most efficient.
Goalkeepers.
Goalkeepers need to warm all the body parts and muscles I have talked about in the players section. However due to their important role goalkeepers also need to play particular attention to shoulders and arms.
Exercises.
Here below is one method for warming up your players.
First Pulse Raiser: (5 mins)
Get the players to run around the field slowly, gradually get them to increase the pace. Add some humor into this part of the session as it instills the players with confidence that you actually know what you are doing. Get them to jump in the air, pretend to head the ball, dart in and out and other basic moves designed to warm the body up.
Stretch: (Long enough to stretch all parts of the body)
Stretch gradually and hold the position for a few seconds. It is important not to bounce or jerk at the muscles as you can cause injury. Most people prefer to show off their skills with a football. The most important part of football is fitness the fitter you are
the greater contribution you can make to a game. You will also make fewer mistakes. Many goals have been given away at the end of a game due to tiredness mentally due to physical tiredness. To learn how to stretch the muscles properly click on the link below.
Second Pulse Raiser: (5-10mins)
This really is to get the players pulses racing. In this part of the warm up it is important to make the players work hard. This will help improve on their fitness and stamina as they will be required to do additional exercise in the main part of the lesson. The body will learn to recover quickly as regular sessions take place.
Now you are ready for the main part of the lesson.
Shooting.
All aspects of football are important, the team makes or breaks the game. However without shots goals cannot be scored and the game cannot be won.
It is important that the player has the desire to score. Some players will prefer to pass or delay rather than shoot. Great goal scorers are greedy and they believe that they are more likely to score than anyone else on the pitch and because they have more shots than anyone else they are usually right.
It is important not to shoot when someone else is in a better position than you are, but be prepared to shoot whenever possible. If you do not shoot then you will never score.
Always support teammates who have had a shot rather than criticizing them. This is very important remember positive feeling and thinking is the way most games can be won or lost on a psychological level. Confidence is gained from experience and from when goals are scored.
One kick mainly used for shooting is the stab, almost
toe poke. punting the ball forward while the goalkeeper waits for you to pull your foot back to shoot. Remember the place where you make contact with the ball is important to where the ball goes.
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